ACEREM 250mg Price

Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Acetazolamideis available in the market in concentration

Name

Acetazolamide

Precaution

Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, requires careful consideration before use due to its potential side effects and interactions. Patients with a history of sulfonamide allergies should avoid Acetazolamide, as it may cause severe allergic reactions. Those with severe renal or hepatic impairment should use this medication with caution, as it can exacerbate these conditions. Regular monitoring of electrolyte levels, particularly potassium, is essential, as Acetazolamide can cause metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia. Patients with adrenal gland disorders or hyperchloremic acidosis should also exercise caution. Pregnant women, especially in the first trimester, should avoid Acetazolamide unless absolutely necessary, as it may pose risks to the fetus. Always inform your healthcare provider of any pre-existing conditions or medications to avoid adverse interactions.

Indication

Acetazolamide is primarily indicated for the treatment of glaucoma, as it reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing the production of aqueous humor. It is also used to manage altitude sickness, helping to prevent and alleviate symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and nausea. Additionally, Acetazolamide is prescribed for certain types of epilepsy, particularly absence seizures, and for metabolic alkalosis. It is sometimes used as a diuretic in cases of heart failure or edema, although this use is less common. The drug works by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which plays a key role in fluid balance and acid-base regulation. However, it should only be used under medical supervision to ensure appropriate dosing and monitoring of potential side effects.

Contra indication

Acetazolamide is contraindicated in several scenarios to prevent severe adverse effects. It should not be used by patients with a known hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or Acetazolamide, as this can lead to life-threatening allergic reactions. Individuals with severe renal impairment, hyperchloremic acidosis, or hypokalemia should avoid this medication, as it can worsen these conditions. Patients with adrenal gland insufficiency or cirrhosis are also contraindicated due to the risk of metabolic complications. Pregnant women, particularly in the first trimester, should avoid Acetazolamide unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Additionally, those with chronic non-congestive angle-closure glaucoma should not use this drug, as it may exacerbate the condition.

Side Effect

Acetazolamide can cause a range of side effects, varying from mild to severe. Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. Some patients may experience dizziness, headache, or fatigue. More serious side effects, though less common, include metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, and electrolyte imbalances. Renal complications, such as kidney stones or renal failure, may also occur with prolonged use. Rare but severe side effects include Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and anaphylactic reactions. Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience symptoms like severe skin rashes, difficulty breathing, or significant changes in urine output while taking Acetazolamide.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

Acetazolamide exerts its therapeutic effects by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is responsible for the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. By blocking this enzyme, Acetazolamide reduces the production of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. It also promotes the excretion of bicarbonate, sodium, and water, leading to diuresis and the correction of metabolic alkalosis. In the context of altitude sickness, Acetazolamide helps to acidify the blood, stimulating respiration and improving oxygenation. This multifaceted mechanism of action makes Acetazolamide a versatile drug for various medical conditions, but it also necessitates careful monitoring to avoid adverse effects.

Interaction

Acetazolamide can interact with various medications and substances, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of adverse effects. Below are some key interactions to be aware of: 1. **Other Diuretics**: Concurrent use of Acetazolamide with other diuretics can increase the risk of electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia. Close monitoring of electrolyte levels is essential if these medications are used together. 2. **Anticonvulsants (e.g., Phenytoin)**: Acetazolamide may alter the plasma levels of anticonvulsants, potentially reducing their efficacy or increasing toxicity. Dose adjustments may be necessary. 3. **Salicylates (e.g., Aspirin)**: High doses of salicylates can increase the risk of metabolic acidosis when taken with Acetazolamide. Caution is advised, and regular monitoring of acid-base balance is recommended. 4. **Lithium**: Acetazolamide may increase lithium excretion, potentially reducing its effectiveness. Regular monitoring of lithium levels is recommended if both drugs are used together. 5. **Cyclosporine**: Concurrent use of Acetazolamide and cyclosporine can increase the risk of kidney damage. Renal function should be closely monitored in patients taking both medications. 6. **Metformin**: Acetazolamide may increase the risk of lactic acidosis when used with metformin. This combination should be avoided or used with extreme caution under medical supervision. 7. **Corticosteroids**: Combining Acetazolamide with corticosteroids can increase the risk of hypokalemia. Regular monitoring of potassium levels is essential. 8. **Alcohol**: Consumption of alcohol while taking Acetazolamide can increase the risk of dizziness and gastrointestinal side effects. Patients are advised to avoid or limit alcohol intake during treatment. 9. **Herbal Supplements**: Certain herbal supplements, such as licorice, may increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with Acetazolamide. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of any supplements they are using. Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and substances you are taking to avoid harmful interactions and ensure safe use of Acetazolamide.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The standard adult dose of Acetazolamide varies depending on the condition being treated. For glaucoma, the typical dose is 250 mg to 1 g daily, divided into 1 to 4 doses. For altitude sickness, the recommended dose is 125 mg to 250 mg twice daily, starting 24 to 48 hours before ascent and continuing for 48 hours after reaching the desired altitude. For epilepsy, the usual dose is 8 to 30 mg/kg per day, divided into 1 to 4 doses. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and not exceed the recommended daily limit to avoid complications such as metabolic acidosis or electrolyte imbalances. Always consult a healthcare provider before making any changes to the dosage regimen.

Child Dose

Acetazolamide is used cautiously in children, with dosing based on weight and the specific condition being treated. For glaucoma, the typical dose is 8 to 30 mg/kg per day, divided into 1 to 3 doses. For epilepsy, the usual dose is similar, ranging from 8 to 30 mg/kg per day, divided into 1 to 4 doses. Close monitoring is essential to detect any adverse effects early and adjust the treatment plan accordingly. Pediatric use of Acetazolamide should always be supervised by a healthcare provider to ensure safety and efficacy.

Renal Dose

Patients with renal impairment require special consideration when taking Acetazolamide. The drug is primarily excreted by the kidneys, and impaired renal function can lead to drug accumulation and increased toxicity. For patients with mild to moderate renal impairment, a reduced dose may be recommended, and frequent monitoring of renal function and electrolyte levels is essential. In cases of severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease, Acetazolamide is contraindicated due to the high risk of adverse effects. Regular monitoring of serum creatinine, electrolytes, and urine output is crucial for patients with pre-existing kidney conditions.

Administration

Information not available