ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-06 Price

Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
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Name

Econazole Nitrate 1%

Precaution

Econazole nitrate 1% is a topical antifungal medication used for the treatment of fungal infections. It is generally safe for use, but certain precautions should be considered. It should be used cautiously in **pregnant women**, particularly during the **first trimester**, as there is limited data available regarding its safety in pregnancy. It should be used only if the benefits outweigh the risks. If treatment is necessary during pregnancy, the medication should be applied sparingly and for the shortest duration. **Breastfeeding women** can typically use Econazole nitrate, as the absorption of the drug is minimal through the skin. However, it is recommended to avoid applying the medication to the breast area to prevent accidental ingestion by the infant. Patients with a history of **allergic reactions** to azole antifungals or any component of Econazole nitrate should avoid its use. The medication should also be used with caution in individuals with **liver disease**, as the liver plays a key role in metabolizing the drug. Careful monitoring is essential for patients with liver dysfunction. Additionally, Econazole nitrate should be applied with caution on areas with **broken skin**, **wounds**, or **dermatitis**, as it may cause irritation. Its use should be avoided near the **eyes** or **mucous membranes** to prevent discomfort or irritation. There is also a risk of **skin irritation** or **burning** sensation at the site of application, especially if used in excess.

Indication

Econazole nitrate 1% is indicated for the topical treatment of a variety of **fungal infections**, including **tinea corporis** (ringworm), **tinea cruris** (jock itch), **tinea pedis** (athlete's foot), and **candidiasis** (cutaneous infections caused by *Candida* species). It is also used for the treatment of **dermatophyte** infections and **pityriasis versicolor** (a fungal infection of the skin). Econazole works by inhibiting the synthesis of **ergosterol**, an essential component of the fungal cell membrane. Without ergosterol, the membrane becomes destabilized, leading to increased permeability and eventual fungal cell death. Econazole is effective against a broad range of **dermatophytes**, **yeasts**, and **molds**, making it a useful treatment for superficial skin infections. Econazole may also be used **off-label** for treating certain types of **cutaneous fungal infections** that do not respond well to other antifungal agents. However, its use in other clinical settings (such as systemic fungal infections) is limited due to the availability of more effective oral antifungal treatments.

Contra indication

Econazole nitrate 1% is contraindicated in patients who have a **known hypersensitivity** to Econazole or any other components of the formulation. Individuals with a history of **allergic reactions** (such as rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing) to any azole antifungal drug should avoid this medication. Econazole is not recommended for use on **open wounds** or in cases of **severe skin conditions** involving large areas of the body. It should also be avoided in the **eye area** or on mucous membranes (such as the mouth, nose, or genital area), as it may cause irritation. There are no specific contraindications related to age, but as with all medications, it should be used with caution in **elderly patients** or those with **compromised skin integrity**.

Side Effect

Econazole nitrate 1% is generally well-tolerated, but some **side effects** may occur, particularly at the site of application. These can include: - **Skin irritation**: This is the most common side effect and may present as **redness**, **itching**, or a **burning sensation** at the site of application. - **Dry skin**: Prolonged use may lead to dry or flaky skin, especially if applied to sensitive areas. - **Contact dermatitis**: Some individuals may develop an allergic rash, itching, or swelling, particularly if they have a sensitivity to azole antifungals. - **Local pain or discomfort**: Some users may experience mild discomfort or stinging during application, particularly if the skin is broken or inflamed. In rare cases, more severe allergic reactions may occur, such as **difficulty breathing**, **swelling of the face or throat**, or **severe rashes**. If any of these symptoms occur, the medication should be discontinued, and emergency medical help should be sought immediately. To minimize the risk of side effects, it is essential to follow the dosing instructions and avoid applying the medication to large or broken areas of skin unless directed by a healthcare provider. If irritation persists or worsens, the patient should discontinue use and consult their doctor.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

Econazole nitrate 1% is an **azole antifungal** that exerts its therapeutic effects by inhibiting the synthesis of **ergosterol**, a key component of the fungal cell membrane. Without ergosterol, the cell membrane becomes unstable, causing the contents of the fungal cell to leak out, ultimately leading to cell death. At the molecular level, Econazole inhibits **lanosterol 14α-demethylase**, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of ergosterol. This inhibition disrupts the formation of the fungal cell membrane, impairing the integrity of the cell wall and leading to fungal cell death. The drug is applied topically, and its **local action** helps to treat superficial fungal infections of the skin. Econazole is especially effective against a variety of dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds, making it a broad-spectrum antifungal agent for dermatological use.

Interaction

Because **Econazole nitrate 1%** is used topically, systemic drug interactions are minimal. However, care should be taken if the patient is also using **systemic azole antifungals**, such as **fluconazole** or **ketoconazole**, as these drugs have a similar **mechanism of action** and may increase the risk of systemic side effects when used together. However, this is more of a concern when systemic azoles are involved, rather than topical treatments. Econazole may interact with other **topical treatments** or **skin irritants**, and these combinations should be used with caution to avoid exacerbating skin irritation or compromising the effectiveness of the treatment. It is recommended that Econazole nitrate should not be used with **alcohol-based products** on the same area, as this could increase the risk of skin irritation. There are no significant interactions with foods or lifestyle factors, as the drug is applied locally and has minimal systemic absorption.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The typical dose for **Econazole nitrate 1%** in adults is a **thin layer applied once or twice daily** to the affected area. For most fungal infections, treatment is usually continued for **2–4 weeks**, depending on the severity of the infection and the patient’s response to therapy. For **tinea infections** (such as tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea pedis), the usual duration of treatment is approximately **2–4 weeks**. **Vaginal candidiasis** may require up to **2 weeks** of treatment. Patients should avoid applying the medication to **broken or irritated skin** unless instructed by a healthcare provider. If no improvement is observed after a few weeks of treatment, patients should consult their doctor, as the infection may require a different antifungal agent.

Child Dose

The use of **Econazole nitrate 1%** in children should be done with caution and typically requires a healthcare provider’s recommendation. The dosing regimen for children generally mirrors that for adults, with **one or two applications daily** to the affected area. The safety and efficacy of Econazole nitrate in children under the age of **12 years** have not been fully established. In pediatric patients, special care should be taken to avoid applying the medication to large areas of the body or to broken skin. Monitoring for **local irritation** or signs of **allergic reactions** is important, and treatment should be discontinued if adverse effects occur. In conclusion, **Econazole nitrate 1%** is a potent antifungal treatment with minimal systemic absorption and is generally well-tolerated. It is effective for treating superficial fungal infections but should be used cautiously in individuals with hypersensitivity to azoles or pre-existing skin conditions. Proper application and adherence to the prescribed treatment duration are key for optimal outcomes.

Renal Dose

Since Econazole nitrate is applied **topically** and has minimal systemic absorption, **renal dose adjustments** are generally **not necessary**. The drug is primarily effective at the site of application, and its limited absorption means that there is little concern for accumulation in the body, even in patients with **renal impairment**. However, **caution** should be exercised in cases where the drug is applied to large areas of broken skin.

Administration

Information not available