(Baxter) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v Intravenous Infusion BP (Viaflo bag) Price in UAE

Overview

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Sodium chlorideis available in the market in concentration

Name

Sodium chloride

Precaution

Sodium chloride solution is indicated for a wide range of medical uses, particularly for fluid and electrolyte replacement. Its key uses include: <ul> <li>Restoring extracellular fluid volume lost due to dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, or extensive burns.</li> <li>Correcting hyponatremia, a condition characterized by abnormally low sodium levels in the blood.</li> <li>Serving as a sterile vehicle for the dilution and administration of compatible intravenous medications.</li> <li>Functioning as a flush solution for intravenous (IV) catheters to maintain their patency and prevent clotting.</li> <li>Managing hypovolemia in patients undergoing surgery or those who have experienced significant blood or fluid loss due to trauma.</li> </ul>

Indication

Sodium chloride should be administered with care in patients with underlying health conditions. Clinical vigilance is required to avoid complications such as fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances. Consider the following precautions: <ul> <li>Use cautiously in patients with congestive heart failure, edema, or renal insufficiency, where sodium retention may exacerbate symptoms.</li> <li>Monitor serum sodium levels and overall electrolyte profile regularly during treatment, especially in prolonged or high-volume infusions.</li> <li>In patients with hypertension, sodium chloride may raise blood pressure and should be used judiciously.</li> <li>Risk of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis increases with large-volume infusions of 0.9% sodium chloride.</li> <li>Special attention is required in elderly, neonates, and those with low body weight due to their sensitivity to fluid shifts.</li> </ul>

Contra indication

Although generally safe when used appropriately, sodium chloride infusion is contraindicated in the following situations: <ul> <li>Hypernatremia – patients with already elevated sodium levels should not receive sodium chloride solutions unless under strict medical supervision.</li> <li>Severe congestive heart failure – due to the risk of worsening fluid overload and pulmonary edema.</li> <li>Severe renal impairment with oliguria or anuria – may result in sodium and fluid retention.</li> <li>Conditions associated with sodium retention, such as liver cirrhosis with ascites or nephrotic syndrome.</li> </ul>

Side Effect

Sodium chloride infusions are generally well tolerated when used within recommended doses. However, certain adverse effects may occur, particularly with prolonged or excessive use: <ul> <li>Hypernatremia – symptoms include confusion, restlessness, muscle twitching, and in severe cases, seizures or coma.</li> <li>Fluid overload – may lead to pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, or increased blood pressure, especially in patients with cardiac or renal issues.</li> <li>Metabolic acidosis – high chloride content in the solution may contribute to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.</li> <li>Local site reactions – such as phlebitis, inflammation, or pain at the infusion site.</li> <li>Rare allergic reactions – including rash or anaphylaxis, though extremely uncommon with saline.</li> </ul>

Pregnancy Category ID

Information not available

Mode of Action

Sodium chloride acts by restoring electrolyte and fluid balance in the body. When administered intravenously, it performs the following actions: <ul> <li>It dissociates into sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions, which are essential for maintaining extracellular fluid volume and osmotic pressure.</li> <li>Supports normal nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction through its role in the electrochemical gradient.</li> <li>Regulates acid-base balance, particularly in maintaining plasma osmolality and bicarbonate buffering.</li> <li>Improves hemodynamic stability by expanding circulating plasma volume in cases of hypovolemia or dehydration.</li> </ul>

Interaction

While sodium chloride itself is relatively inert, it may interact with other medications by affecting fluid and electrolyte balance. The following interactions are clinically relevant: <ul> <li>Diuretics: May potentiate the risk of electrolyte imbalance, particularly hypokalemia and volume depletion.</li> <li>ACE inhibitors/ARBs: Risk of hyperkalemia or altered renal function in susceptible patients.</li> <li>NSAIDs: May impair renal sodium excretion, increasing the risk of sodium and water retention.</li> <li>Corticosteroids: Can cause sodium retention and potassium loss, potentially compounding the effects of sodium chloride infusion.</li> </ul>

Pregnancy Category Note

Sodium chloride is classified as a naturally occurring substance in the human body, and it is considered safe when used appropriately during pregnancy. However, the following precautions apply: <ul> <li>Category: Not officially categorized by the FDA, but generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for use during pregnancy.</li> <li>Recommended for use only when clearly needed, especially in women with conditions like preeclampsia or gestational hypertension.</li> <li>Monitor maternal fluid balance to avoid edema, hypertension, or other volume-related complications.</li> <li>No evidence of teratogenic effects at therapeutic doses.</li> </ul>

Adult Dose

The dosage of sodium chloride varies depending on the clinical condition, volume status, and electrolyte needs of the patient: <ul> <li>Dehydration or fluid resuscitation: 500–1000 ml IV of 0.9% sodium chloride, repeated as needed based on response and labs.</li> <li>Maintenance fluid therapy: 1.5–3 liters/day, adjusted for ongoing fluid losses or disease states.</li> <li>Hyponatremia correction: Administered slowly to avoid central pontine myelinolysis; typically no more than 8–10 mmol/L increase in serum sodium per 24 hours.</li> <li>Drug dilution: Volume and rate based on specific drug requirements and compatibility data.</li> </ul>

Child Dose

Dosing in children is highly individualized, based on weight, age, clinical status, and electrolyte derangement: <ul> <li>Bolus therapy (e.g., shock): 10–20 ml/kg of 0.9% sodium chloride IV over 15–30 minutes.</li> <li>Maintenance fluids: Typically calculated as: <ul> <li>100 ml/kg for the first 10 kg of body weight,</li> <li>50 ml/kg for the next 10 kg,</li> <li>20 ml/kg for each kg above 20 kg.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Monitoring is essential to avoid volume overload, especially in neonates and infants.</li> </ul>

Renal Dose

Patients with impaired kidney function require special consideration due to the potential for fluid and sodium retention: <ul> <li>Chronic kidney disease (CKD): Use cautiously and tailor dose to volume status and serum electrolytes.</li> <li>Oliguria or anuria: Avoid large-volume infusions; risk of volume overload and worsening renal function.</li> <li>Monitor: Regular checks of serum sodium, potassium, chloride, creatinine, and input/output records are critical.</li> </ul>

Administration

Sodium chloride solutions should be administered under sterile conditions and with appropriate monitoring. The method of administration includes: <ul> <li>Route: Intravenous infusion (peripheral or central line depending on volume and duration).</li> <li>Infusion rate: Depends on patient’s age, weight, clinical condition, and purpose (bolus vs. maintenance).</li> <li>Inspect solution for clarity and container integrity before administration. Do not use if solution is cloudy or contains particulates.</li> <li>Use aseptic technique when connecting infusion sets.</li> <li>Do not mix with incompatible drugs in the same IV line unless compatibility has been established.</li> </ul>