DESFLURANE (SHANGHAI HENGRUI) 100% Price

Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Desfluraneis available in the market in concentration

Name

Benzyl Alcohol

Precaution

- **Skin Sensitivity**: Benzyl alcohol may cause skin irritation, redness, or dryness, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin. It is important to conduct a patch test before widespread use to check for potential allergic reactions or sensitivity. - **Children and Infants**: Benzyl alcohol should be used with caution in neonates or infants, especially in concentrations higher than 1%, as it can lead to a rare but serious condition known as "gasping syndrome" when absorbed in large quantities. - **Pregnancy and Breastfeeding**: The safety of benzyl alcohol during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well established. It is recommended to use this ingredient only when necessary and under the guidance of a healthcare provider. - **Application on Open Wounds**: Avoid applying benzyl alcohol to open or broken skin, as it may cause further irritation or a stinging sensation. - **Combination with Other Skin Products**: When using benzyl alcohol with other topical products (such as steroids, retinoids, or acne treatments), patients should monitor their skin for increased irritation or dryness. It may exacerbate the effects of other products that cause skin peeling or sensitivity. - **Avoid Prolonged Exposure**: Prolonged exposure or overuse may increase the risk of skin reactions such as irritation, allergic reactions, or toxicity, especially when used in high concentrations. - **Sun Exposure**: If used in combination with other products that increase sensitivity to the sun, such as benzoyl peroxide or retinoids, benzyl alcohol may make the skin more susceptible to sunburn. Use sunscreen regularly.

Indication

- **Preservative in Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics**: Benzyl alcohol is commonly used as a preservative in various cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, such as lotions, creams, and topical medications, due to its antimicrobial properties. - **Treatment of Pediculosis (Lice)**: Benzyl alcohol is approved as a topical treatment for head lice (pediculosis) in some formulations. It works by suffocating and killing lice. - **Local Anesthetic Effect**: Benzyl alcohol is sometimes used as a local anesthetic in minor skin procedures or as an ingredient in products intended to numb the skin temporarily. - **Antiseptic**: Its mild antimicrobial properties make it useful in certain formulations for wound care or minor skin infections, though it is not typically a first-line treatment for serious infections. - **Solvent**: Benzyl alcohol is used as a solvent in several pharmaceutical formulations, where it helps dissolve active ingredients that need to be delivered to the skin or other tissues. - **Acne Treatment**: It is sometimes included in acne treatments to help with formulation stability and as a solvent, although it is not a primary treatment for acne.

Contra indication

- **Hypersensitivity**: Contraindicated in individuals who have a known allergy or hypersensitivity to benzyl alcohol or any of the excipients in a formulation containing benzyl alcohol. - **Infants and Neonates**: Benzyl alcohol should not be used in neonates or infants, especially in high concentrations, as it can cause "gasping syndrome," a potentially life-threatening condition resulting from accumulation of benzyl alcohol in the body. - **Open Wounds**: Should not be applied to large areas of broken or severely irritated skin. In such cases, the alcohol may worsen irritation, cause stinging, or slow down the healing process. - **Severe Skin Conditions**: Individuals with severe eczema or other chronic skin conditions should avoid the use of benzyl alcohol unless advised by a healthcare provider, as it may cause significant irritation or exacerbation of the condition. - **Pregnancy and Breastfeeding**: Although benzyl alcohol is not considered a high-risk substance, it should still be used with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It should only be used if the potential benefits outweigh the risks.

Side Effect

- **Skin Irritation**: The most common side effect of benzyl alcohol is mild to moderate skin irritation, which may include redness, itching, dryness, or a stinging sensation. This is more likely in individuals with sensitive skin or those using the product frequently. - **Allergic Reactions**: Although rare, allergic reactions to benzyl alcohol can occur. Symptoms may include hives, swelling, blistering, or severe itching. Discontinue use and seek medical attention if any signs of an allergic reaction develop. - **Gasping Syndrome in Infants**: In rare cases, infants and neonates who are exposed to large amounts of benzyl alcohol (especially in concentrations higher than 1%) may develop "gasping syndrome," which is a life-threatening condition characterized by metabolic acidosis, respiratory distress, and circulatory failure. This is why the use of benzyl alcohol in infants and neonates is generally avoided. - **Photosensitivity**: Though less common, benzyl alcohol can increase the skin’s sensitivity to sunlight when used in combination with other photosensitizing agents. This may lead to an increased risk of sunburn. - **Systemic Toxicity**: While extremely rare with topical use, excessive absorption of benzyl alcohol can potentially lead to systemic toxicity, especially if used on large areas of skin over a prolonged period. Symptoms of systemic toxicity may include dizziness, headache, or nausea.

Pregnancy Category ID

2

Mode of Action

- **Antimicrobial Properties**: Benzyl alcohol acts as an antimicrobial agent by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. This makes it effective as a preservative in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, preventing the growth of harmful microorganisms and extending the shelf life of products. - **Local Anesthetic**: When used topically in certain formulations, benzyl alcohol has mild anesthetic properties, helping to numb the skin and alleviate discomfort in procedures like minor skin surgery or during the treatment of skin conditions. - **Solvent**: As a solvent, benzyl alcohol helps dissolve active ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations, allowing for better absorption of the ingredients into the skin or tissue. - **Lice Treatment**: In the case of head lice treatment, benzyl alcohol works by suffocating lice and disrupting their cellular functions. This prevents the lice from reproducing and ultimately kills them. - **Ethanol-like Effect**: Benzyl alcohol has properties similar to ethanol, which means it can penetrate the skin’s barrier and cause dehydration of the skin cells, which contributes to its drying effect. This can be beneficial in certain treatments, such as acne, but can also lead to dryness and irritation when overused.

Interaction

- **Topical Skin Products**: When used in conjunction with other topical medications that have a drying or irritating effect (e.g., benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids), benzyl alcohol can enhance irritation and skin sensitivity, especially in individuals with dry or sensitive skin. - **Medications Containing Alcohol**: Other medications or skincare products containing alcohol may enhance the drying and irritating effects of benzyl alcohol. Caution should be exercised when combining these products, particularly in individuals with dry or compromised skin. - **Oral Medications**: There are no significant interactions between benzyl alcohol and oral medications since it is used topically and has minimal systemic absorption. However, patients should inform their healthcare provider if they are using multiple topical products containing alcohol. - **Skin Sensitizers**: If benzyl alcohol is used with products that make the skin more sensitive (such as alpha-hydroxy acids or retinoids), it may increase the likelihood of irritation, redness, or peeling. Always monitor the skin for excessive dryness and irritation.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

- The typical adult dose for benzyl alcohol varies depending on the condition being treated. For lice treatment, benzyl alcohol 5% solution is applied to the scalp and hair, massaged in, and left for 10 minutes before rinsing. The treatment may need to be repeated after 7 days to eliminate any remaining lice. - For topical applications, benzyl alcohol is generally used in concentrations of 1% to 5% and is applied to affected areas 1-2 times daily. It should be applied to clean, dry skin, and a thin layer should be used. - For skin conditions like acne, the concentration is typically lower (1-2%), and the product should be used sparingly to avoid excessive irritation. - Dosage and frequency may vary depending on the formulation (cream, lotion, gel) and the specific condition being treated, so it’s important to follow the instructions provided by a healthcare provider or on the product label.

Child Dose

- **Head Lice Treatment**: For children over the age of 6 months, benzyl alcohol 5% is typically used for the treatment of head lice. Apply a generous amount to dry hair, leave on for 10 minutes, and rinse. A second application may be necessary 7 days later to eliminate remaining lice. - **Skin Care**: For topical applications, benzyl alcohol should generally not be used in children under 2 years old unless directed by a healthcare provider. For older children, it may be used in lower concentrations (typically 1-2%) and applied sparingly to affected areas. - Always consult a pediatrician before using benzyl alcohol in children, especially in infants and toddlers, to ensure safety and appropriate dosing. Avoid using high-concentration benzyl alcohol products in children.

Renal Dose

- Since benzyl alcohol is minimally absorbed systemically, renal dose adjustments are generally not necessary for individuals with renal impairment. - However, in cases of extensive use, especially when applying large amounts over a prolonged period, systemic absorption may occur. Patients with renal dysfunction should use caution and consult a healthcare provider to ensure proper usage and to monitor for any adverse effects.

Administration

Information not available