DELTACEF 1g Price

Overview

Welcome to Dwaey, specifically on DELTACEF 1g page.
This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Cefepimeis available in the market in concentration

Name

Artemether

Precaution

- **Cardiovascular health**: Artemether may cause QT interval prolongation, particularly in patients with a history of heart disease or those using other medications that affect the heart’s electrical system. Monitor ECG closely in these individuals. - **Liver function**: Use artemether cautiously in patients with liver impairment, as it is metabolized in the liver. Liver function tests should be monitored before and during treatment. - **Pregnancy and breastfeeding**: Artemether is categorized as pregnancy category D, meaning it should only be used during pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks. It is excreted in breast milk, so caution is advised when used in breastfeeding mothers. - **Severe malaria**: Artemether is typically used for severe malaria, so it should be administered under the supervision of a healthcare provider, particularly in cases of severe organ involvement. - **Hemoglobinopathies**: Patients with hemoglobinopathies (e.g., sickle cell anemia) should be monitored closely, as they may be at an increased risk of hemolysis when treated with artemether. - **Monitor for side effects**: Observe for any signs of neurotoxicity (e.g., dizziness, confusion), which may occur in patients receiving high doses. - **Drug interactions**: Artemether may interact with other medications, including those that affect the liver enzyme CYP450 system, so care should be taken when co-administering. - **Use in children**: While artemether is used in children for malaria treatment, the exact dosing and potential long-term effects should be carefully considered in pediatric populations.

Indication

- **Malaria treatment**: Artemether is primarily indicated for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated malaria caused by *Plasmodium falciparum*, particularly in areas with chloroquine-resistant strains. - **Severe malaria**: It is used as part of combination therapy for severe malaria, especially in patients who cannot take oral medication or in cases of drug-resistant malaria. - **Combination therapy**: Often combined with other antimalarial drugs like lumefantrine to provide more effective treatment and reduce the risk of resistance. - **Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)**: Artemether is a key component in ACT, which is the first-line treatment for malaria in many countries.

Contra indication

- **Hypersensitivity**: Artemether is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to artemisinin derivatives. - **Severe liver disease**: Contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment, as the liver is crucial for metabolizing artemether, and poor liver function may lead to drug accumulation. - **Pregnancy (first trimester)**: Due to the potential for harm to the fetus, artemether should be avoided in the first trimester unless there is no other treatment option for malaria. - **Severe hemolytic anemia**: Artemether should not be used in patients with severe hemolytic anemia, as it may worsen the condition. - **Severe renal impairment**: Patients with severe renal impairment should not receive artemether without careful monitoring, as the drug may accumulate in the body.

Side Effect

- **Cardiac effects**: Artemether can cause QT interval prolongation, potentially leading to arrhythmias, especially when used in combination with other drugs that affect the heart's electrical activity. - **Neurotoxicity**: Symptoms like dizziness, headache, or confusion may occur, particularly with higher doses or prolonged use. - **Gastrointestinal effects**: Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are common side effects. Diarrhea may also occur in some patients. - **Hematologic effects**: Hemolysis may occur in patients with hemoglobinopathies, leading to worsening anemia. - **Liver toxicity**: Although rare, liver toxicity, including elevated liver enzymes, may occur. Monitoring of liver function is advised during treatment. - **Hypersensitivity reactions**: Some patients may experience allergic reactions, including rash, itching, or difficulty breathing. - **Fatigue and weakness**: Patients may experience general fatigue or weakness, particularly during the recovery phase after malaria treatment. - **Rebound symptoms**: Incomplete resolution of malaria symptoms may lead to a rebound of infection, especially if dosing is missed or the drug is stopped prematurely.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

- **Antimalarial action**: Artemether is derived from the plant *Artemisia annua* and works by interfering with the parasite’s ability to digest hemoglobin. It produces free radicals that damage the parasite’s cell membranes, leading to its death. - **Selective action**: Artemether selectively targets the *Plasmodium* parasite responsible for malaria, causing damage to its membranes and disrupting its ability to replicate. This results in rapid parasite clearance and alleviation of malaria symptoms. - **Short half-life**: Artemether has a relatively short half-life, which is why it is typically used in combination with other drugs, such as lumefantrine, to provide prolonged antimalarial effects and reduce the likelihood of resistance. - **Synergistic effect with other antimalarials**: When combined with other drugs, such as lumefantrine, the combination therapy enhances artemether’s effectiveness and provides a more complete eradication of the parasite, helping to prevent the development of resistance.

Interaction

- **CYP450 enzyme inhibitors/inducers**: Artemether is metabolized by liver enzymes (CYP3A4), and drugs that inhibit or induce these enzymes can affect artemether's efficacy and toxicity. - **CYP3A4 inhibitors** (e.g., ketoconazole, ritonavir) may increase artemether levels, increasing the risk of side effects such as neurotoxicity. - **CYP3A4 inducers** (e.g., rifampin, phenytoin) may reduce artemether effectiveness by decreasing its concentration. - **Antimalarial agents**: When combined with other antimalarial medications such as mefloquine or quinine, the risk of overlapping toxicities may increase. Always monitor for side effects when using artemether with other malaria drugs. - **Antacids**: Some evidence suggests that the effectiveness of artemether may be reduced if taken with antacids, particularly those containing aluminum or magnesium. - **Anticonvulsants**: Drugs like phenytoin and carbamazepine may reduce the plasma concentrations of artemether, lowering its effectiveness in treating malaria. - **Anticoagulants**: Artemether may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulants, especially warfarin, due to its potential effect on liver metabolism and clotting factors.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

- **For uncomplicated malaria**: The recommended dose of artemether is typically 3.2 mg/kg per day for 3 days, either as a single dose or divided into two doses. - **For severe malaria**: In cases of severe malaria, artemether is administered as an intramuscular injection or intravenous infusion. The typical initial dose is 3.2 mg/kg, followed by additional doses every 24 hours. The total duration of therapy is usually 5-7 days, depending on the severity and the combination with other antimalarial drugs. - **Combination therapy**: Artemether is often combined with lumefantrine in a fixed-dose combination. The typical dose of this combination for adults is 20 mg of artemether with 120 mg of lumefantrine, taken twice daily for 3 days. - **Adjustments for severe renal or hepatic impairment**: In cases of severe renal or liver impairment, dosage adjustments may be needed, and the patient should be monitored closely for potential drug accumulation and side effects.

Child Dose

- **For uncomplicated malaria**: In children, the dose is based on body weight. The recommended dose is 3.2 mg/kg per day for 3 days. - **For severe malaria**: For children with severe malaria, artemether is typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The usual dose is 3.2 mg/kg initially, followed by 1.6 mg/kg every 24 hours. - **Combination therapy**: For children aged 6 months and older, the fixed-dose combination of artemether and lumefantrine (20 mg artemether + 120 mg lumefantrine) is typically given. The dosage is based on the child’s weight and ranges from 1-4 tablets per dose, given twice daily for 3 days. - **Adjustments for young children**: Caution should be exercised when using artemether in very young children, particularly infants, due to their developing liver function. Dosage should be carefully adjusted based on weight and clinical response.

Renal Dose

- **Renal impairment**: Artemether should be used cautiously in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment. There is limited data on the exact adjustments required, but the drug should be used with caution due to the potential for accumulation in the body. - **Hemodialysis**: The effects of hemodialysis on the clearance of artemether are not well studied, but since the drug is largely metabolized in the liver, it is unlikely to be significantly affected by dialysis. Monitoring of drug levels and clinical symptoms is advised. - **Mild to moderate renal impairment**: For patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance > 30 mL/min), standard dosing may be used, but close monitoring is recommended.

Administration

Information not available