ANUGESIC H.C Price

Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Benzyl benzoate, Bismuth oxide, Bismuth subgallate, Hydrocortisone acetate, Peru balsmis available in the market in concentration

Name

Tigecycline

Precaution

Before using **Tigecycline**, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure that the drug is appropriate for the patient’s condition. Several precautions should be considered: - **Pregnancy and Breastfeeding**: **Tigecycline** is classified as a **pregnancy category C** drug, which means its safety during pregnancy has not been established. It should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not recommended for use in breastfeeding mothers because it may be excreted in breast milk. - **Renal and Hepatic Impairment**: Patients with **severe renal** or **hepatic impairment** may need dose adjustments, as **Tigecycline** is metabolized by the liver. Those with **hepatic dysfunction** should use it with caution. Monitoring liver function is important during treatment. - **Allergic Reactions**: Patients with a known **allergy** to **tetracyclines** or any component of the formulation should avoid using **Tigecycline** to prevent potential allergic reactions, which may include rash, difficulty breathing, or swelling. - **Superinfection**: Prolonged use of **Tigecycline** can result in secondary infections, including **yeast infections** or **Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea**. It is important to monitor for signs of new infections during and after treatment. - **Dental Concerns**: As with other **tetracyclines**, **Tigecycline** may cause **tooth discoloration** if used in young children, and its use is not recommended in children under 8 years old.

Indication

**Tigecycline** is an **antibiotic** used for the treatment of various bacterial infections, particularly in cases where other antibiotics may not be effective: - **Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections**: **Tigecycline** is indicated for treating complex infections involving the abdomen, such as **peritonitis** and **complicated appendicitis**. - **Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections**: It is used to treat severe skin and soft tissue infections, including those caused by **multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs)**. - **Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP)**: **Tigecycline** is an option for treating **community-acquired pneumonia**, particularly when caused by resistant organisms. - **Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)**: It is used in some cases of complex **urinary tract infections**, particularly when caused by resistant bacteria. - **Resistant Bacterial Infections**: **Tigecycline** is effective against a broad spectrum of **Gram-positive** and **Gram-negative** bacteria, making it useful in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms, including **methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)** and **vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)**.

Contra indication

**Tigecycline** is contraindicated in certain conditions due to potential risks: - **Hypersensitivity**: Patients who have a known allergy to **tigecycline** or any other **tetracycline antibiotics** should avoid its use to prevent allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, rash, or difficulty breathing. - **Severe Hepatic Impairment**: Due to its liver metabolism, **Tigecycline** should not be used in patients with severe **hepatic impairment**, as it may increase the risk of adverse effects due to slower drug clearance. - **Pregnancy**: **Tigecycline** is contraindicated during pregnancy, particularly in the **second and third trimesters**, as it may affect bone development and cause **tooth discoloration** in the fetus. - **Children Under 8 Years Old**: **Tigecycline** should not be used in children under 8 years old, due to the risk of **permanent tooth discoloration** and impaired bone growth, as is the case with other tetracycline-class antibiotics.

Side Effect

Like all antibiotics, **Tigecycline** can cause side effects, some of which may require medical attention: - **Common Side Effects**: - **Nausea and Vomiting**: These gastrointestinal side effects are common, especially when the drug is taken orally, and can sometimes lead to dehydration. - **Diarrhea**: **Tigecycline** can disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to **diarrhea**, which may sometimes be a sign of **Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea** (C. difficile). - **Headache**: Some patients experience headaches, which can vary in intensity. - **Injection Site Reactions**: For intravenous (IV) administration, **pain**, **swelling**, or **inflammation** at the injection site may occur. - **Severe Side Effects**: - **Liver Toxicity**: Though rare, **liver damage** or **hepatotoxicity** can occur, especially in patients with preexisting liver issues. Symptoms may include jaundice, dark urine, and abdominal pain. - **Anaphylaxis**: Severe allergic reactions, including **anaphylaxis**, can occur in sensitive individuals, presenting as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and a rash. - **Teeth and Bone Effects**: **Tigecycline**, like other tetracyclines, can cause **tooth discoloration** and **impaired bone development** in children, which is a reason for its contraindication in children under 8 years old. - **Pancreatitis**: In rare cases, **pancreatitis** may develop, causing severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. If any severe side effects occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.

Pregnancy Category ID

4

Mode of Action

**Tigecycline** is a **glycylcycline antibiotic**, structurally related to tetracyclines, that works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It binds to the **30S ribosomal subunit** of bacteria, preventing the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome. This inhibition prevents the formation of proteins essential for bacterial growth and survival. - **Broad Spectrum of Activity**: **Tigecycline** is effective against a wide range of **Gram-positive**, **Gram-negative**, and **anaerobic bacteria**, including multidrug-resistant organisms like **MRSA** and **VRE**. It also works against some **atypical pathogens**, such as **Legionella** and **Chlamydia** species. - **Bacteriostatic Effect**: Unlike some antibiotics that are bactericidal, **Tigecycline** is primarily **bacteriostatic**, meaning it inhibits bacterial growth rather than killing the bacteria outright. However, the inhibition of protein synthesis eventually leads to bacterial death over time.

Interaction

**Tigecycline** may interact with other medications, which could alter its effectiveness or cause harmful effects: - **Antacids and Iron Supplements**: **Tigecycline** absorption may be reduced by **antacids** or **iron supplements** containing calcium, magnesium, aluminum, or iron, as these can bind to the drug and reduce its bioavailability. - **Warfarin**: Co-administration of **Tigecycline** with **warfarin** or other **anticoagulants** may increase the risk of bleeding due to possible effects on blood clotting. Monitoring of prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) is advised. - **Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Interactions**: **Tigecycline** is minimally metabolized by **CYP450 enzymes**, and although major interactions are unlikely, caution should be exercised when combining it with drugs that heavily interact with this system, such as certain **antifungals** and **antivirals**. - **Other Antibiotics**: Caution is required when **Tigecycline** is used in combination with other **antibiotics**, especially those that may have **antagonistic effects**, such as **beta-lactam antibiotics**, potentially reducing efficacy.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

For adult patients, **Tigecycline** is typically administered via **intravenous infusion**: - **Initial Dose**: **100 mg** IV infusion once, followed by - **Maintenance Dose**: **50 mg** IV every 12 hours. The duration of therapy depends on the type and severity of the infection but is generally continued for 5–14 days. It is important to follow a healthcare provider's instructions carefully.

Child Dose

**Tigecycline** is not recommended for use in **children under 8 years old** due to concerns about **tooth discoloration** and effects on bone growth. In pediatric patients over 8 years, the dose is generally the same as for adults, but the use should be carefully considered based on the infection type and the patient’s condition.

Renal Dose

**Tigecycline** is primarily metabolized by the liver, and **renal dose adjustments** are generally not necessary for patients with mild to moderate **renal impairment**. However, in patients with **severe renal impairment** (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), the drug should still be used with caution, and the patient should be closely monitored due to potential accumulation.

Administration

Information not available