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Overview

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Name

Hepatits A Vaccine (HAV Antigen)

Precaution

Before receiving the **Hepatitis A Vaccine (HAV Antigen)**, patients should consult with their healthcare provider to ensure safe administration. Key precautions include: - **Hypersensitivity**: Individuals with a known allergy to any component of the vaccine, such as **thimerosal** (a preservative) or any other excipients, should not receive the vaccine. - **Current Illness**: If an individual is currently suffering from a **moderate to severe illness** (such as an acute fever or respiratory infection), it is recommended to postpone the vaccine until they have recovered. Mild illnesses (like a cold) are generally not a contraindication for vaccination. - **Pregnancy and Breastfeeding**: The **Hepatitis A Vaccine** is classified as **Category C** by the FDA for use in pregnancy. Although there are no known risks, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before receiving the vaccine. It is generally safe for breastfeeding women, but they should seek medical advice prior to vaccination. - **Immunocompromised States**: Individuals with weakened immune systems (e.g., those undergoing chemotherapy, taking immunosuppressive medications, or with certain chronic diseases like **HIV**) should consult their healthcare provider, as the response to the vaccine may be reduced. - **History of Hepatitis A Infection**: If a person has a history of **Hepatitis A** infection, they may not need the vaccine, as they will already have immunity.

Indication

The **Hepatitis A Vaccine (HAV Antigen)** is primarily used to prevent **Hepatitis A** infection, which is caused by the **Hepatitis A virus (HAV)**. The main indications include: - **Prevention of Hepatitis A**: The vaccine is recommended for people who are at high risk of contracting Hepatitis A, especially those living in areas where Hepatitis A is common or traveling to countries with a high incidence of the disease. - **Travelers to Endemic Areas**: Individuals traveling to countries where Hepatitis A is prevalent (e.g., parts of **Africa**, **Asia**, **Central and South America**, and **Eastern Europe**) should receive the vaccine to prevent infection. - **Chronic Liver Disease Patients**: Those with chronic liver diseases, such as **cirrhosis**, **hepatitis B**, or **hepatitis C**, are at greater risk for complications if they contract Hepatitis A and should be vaccinated. - **Men who Have Sex with Men (MSM)**: MSM individuals are at higher risk for Hepatitis A and should be vaccinated, especially if they have multiple sexual partners. - **People with Drug Use Habits**: Individuals who use injectable drugs or share needles may be at increased risk and should consider vaccination. - **Healthcare Workers**: People working in healthcare, particularly those dealing with body fluids or waste, may also need vaccination. - **Persons with Clotting Factor Disorders**: People with hemophilia or other bleeding disorders should receive the vaccine because they are at higher risk due to frequent medical interventions (blood transfusions, injections).

Contra indication

The **Hepatitis A Vaccine (HAV Antigen)** should not be used in the following situations: - **Severe Allergic Reaction**: Individuals who have had a severe allergic reaction (e.g., **anaphylaxis**) to a previous dose of the Hepatitis A vaccine or any component of the vaccine (such as **thimerosal**) should not receive the vaccine. - **Severe Immunodeficiency**: While generally safe for immunocompromised patients, those with severe **immunodeficiencies** (such as congenital **agammaglobulinemia** or **severe combined immunodeficiency**) should discuss vaccination with their healthcare provider. - **Pregnancy (Caution)**: Although the vaccine is classified as **Category C** (which means the risks are unknown), it should be avoided unless deemed absolutely necessary during pregnancy.

Side Effect

Most individuals tolerate the **Hepatitis A Vaccine (HAV Antigen)** well, but like any vaccine, there are potential side effects. Common side effects include: - **Local Reactions**: Pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site. - **Fever**: Mild fever may occur in some individuals following vaccination. - **Fatigue or Headache**: Some individuals may feel tired or develop a mild headache after the vaccine. - **Irritability**: Particularly in children, irritability or fussiness may occur. - **Nausea**: A small number of people may feel nauseous after receiving the vaccine. - **Severe Allergic Reactions**: Although rare, some people may experience severe reactions, including **anaphylaxis**, which presents as swelling of the face or throat, difficulty breathing, a rapid heartbeat, and dizziness. Immediate medical intervention is required in such cases. - **Joint Pain**: Some individuals may experience muscle or joint pain, which typically resolves without treatment.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

The **Hepatitis A Vaccine (HAV Antigen)** works by stimulating the immune system to produce **antibodies** against the **Hepatitis A virus (HAV)**. Here's how it works: - **Immune Response Activation**: The vaccine contains **inactivated** or **killed** **HAV antigens** (particles of the virus) that cannot cause disease but are sufficient to trigger an immune response. - **Antibody Production**: When the vaccine is administered, the immune system recognizes these antigens as foreign and produces **specific antibodies** to fight the virus. - **Memory Cells**: The vaccine induces the formation of **memory cells** in the immune system. These cells "remember" the virus, allowing for a quicker and more effective immune response if the body encounters the actual **Hepatitis A virus** in the future.

Interaction

The **Hepatitis A Vaccine (HAV Antigen)** may interact with certain medications and other vaccines: - **Other Vaccines**: The **Hepatitis A Vaccine** can be given simultaneously with other vaccines (such as **Hepatitis B**, **MMR**, and **Influenza vaccines**) as part of a combination vaccination schedule. However, vaccines should be administered at different injection sites. - **Immunosuppressive Drugs**: Drugs that suppress the immune system (e.g., **corticosteroids**, **chemotherapy drugs**, **biologics**) may reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine, so patients receiving these treatments should discuss the timing of the vaccine with their healthcare provider. - **Blood Products**: If a patient has recently received **blood products** or immunoglobulin therapy, the **Hepatitis A vaccine** should generally be administered after a waiting period, as these may interfere with vaccine efficacy.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The usual **adult dose** for the **Hepatitis A Vaccine** is a single **1 ml injection**, which contains **720 ELISA units** of inactivated Hepatitis A virus. This dose is typically administered **intramuscularly**, preferably in the **deltoid muscle** (upper arm). - **Booster Doses**: A **second dose** of the vaccine is typically administered **6-12 months** after the first dose to ensure long-term protection. This is especially important for people at higher risk of contracting Hepatitis A.

Child Dose

For children aged **12 months** and older, the **Hepatitis A Vaccine** is typically administered as a **1 ml injection** containing **720 ELISA units** of inactivated virus. - **Booster Dose**: A **second dose** is given **6-12 months** after the first dose. - **For Infants Under 12 Months**: The **Hepatitis A Vaccine** is not recommended for infants under **12 months** of age. The vaccine schedule starts at **12 months**, and the second dose is administered to ensure lasting immunity. ---

Renal Dose

No special dose adjustments are required for patients with **renal impairment** (including those with chronic kidney disease or kidney failure). However, patients with **severe renal conditions** should consult their healthcare provider before vaccination, as they may have additional health considerations or specific risks.

Administration

Information not available