POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE (Vero Cell), Inactivated, Sabin Strains Price

Overview

Welcome to Dwaey, specifically on POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE (Vero Cell), Inactivated, Sabin Strains page.
This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Poliomyelitis virus Type I - Poliomyelitis virus Type II - Poliomyelitis virus Type IIIis available in the market in concentration

Name

Nystatin

Precaution

Before using **Nystatin**, it is essential for patients to consult with their healthcare provider to ensure the medication is suitable for their condition. Key precautions include: - **Hypersensitivity Reactions**: Nystatin should not be used by individuals with a known **allergy** or hypersensitivity to the drug. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include **rash**, **itching**, **swelling**, and in severe cases, **difficulty breathing**. - **Pregnancy and Lactation**: Nystatin is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy (classified as **Category C**), though it should only be used if clearly needed. It is also excreted into breast milk, so nursing mothers should consult their healthcare provider before using it. - **Gastrointestinal Issues**: Patients with significant gastrointestinal **disorders** (e.g., severe **diarrhea** or **vomiting**) should exercise caution, as absorption can be affected. - **Immunocompromised States**: Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or with **HIV/AIDS**, should be monitored closely while using Nystatin, as they may be at higher risk for **invasive fungal infections**. - **Topical Use**: When using topical Nystatin, avoid application to **open wounds** or **burns**, as the drug should not come into contact with damaged skin or mucous membranes.

Indication

Nystatin is primarily used as an **antifungal** medication for the treatment and prevention of various fungal infections, particularly those caused by **Candida species**. Key indications include: - **Oropharyngeal Candidiasis** (Thrush): Nystatin is commonly used to treat fungal infections in the **mouth**, **throat**, and **esophagus**, primarily caused by **Candida albicans**. - **Cutaneous Candidiasis**: It is effective for treating **skin infections** due to **Candida** species, including **diaper rashes** and **intertrigo** (skin folds). - **Vaginal Candidiasis**: Nystatin is used topically to treat **vaginal yeast infections** caused by **Candida**. - **Intestinal Candidiasis**: In cases of **intestinal fungal infections**, Nystatin is sometimes used, especially in patients with a history of chronic **antibiotic use** or **immunosuppression**. - **Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Patients**: It is used as a prophylactic treatment to prevent fungal infections in patients with **HIV**, undergoing **chemotherapy**, or those with **organ transplants**.

Contra indication

Nystatin should be avoided in the following conditions: - **Hypersensitivity**: As with all medications, **Nystatin** is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity or **allergic reaction** to it or any of its components. - **Systemic Use in Severe Renal or Hepatic Disease**: Although systemic absorption of Nystatin is minimal, individuals with severe **liver** or **kidney disease** should avoid systemic use, especially in oral forms. - **Intestinal Perforation**: Nystatin should not be used in patients with **intestinal perforation** as it may not be absorbed properly in such cases and can lead to complications.

Side Effect

While Nystatin is generally well tolerated, some potential side effects include: - **Common Side Effects**: - **Mild skin irritation** or **itching** when applied topically to the skin. - **Gastrointestinal upset** such as **nausea**, **vomiting**, or **diarrhea** when used orally. - **Severe Side Effects**: - **Hypersensitivity reactions**: In rare cases, Nystatin may cause severe **allergic reactions** such as **anaphylaxis** (a life-threatening condition), characterized by symptoms like difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and rash. - **Skin Rash**: Some people may develop a **rash** upon topical use, which should be evaluated for a possible allergic reaction. - **Endocrine Changes**: Although rare, **adrenal suppression** or other **endocrine effects** may occur with long-term or systemic use, especially in high doses.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

Nystatin works by binding to **ergosterol**, a key component of the **fungal cell membrane**. This binding disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane, leading to: - **Increased permeability** of the fungal cell membrane, allowing essential cellular contents to leak out, ultimately leading to **cell death**. - Nystatin is specifically effective against **yeasts**, particularly **Candida species**, which are sensitive to this mechanism. It has no significant activity against other types of fungi like **molds** or **dimorphic fungi**.

Interaction

Nystatin has very few known drug interactions due to its minimal systemic absorption when used topically or orally in non-systemic forms. However, some important considerations include: - **Other Antifungal Agents**: Caution should be taken when combining Nystatin with **other antifungal drugs** such as **fluconazole** or **ketoconazole**, as this could theoretically increase the risk of **overgrowth** or resistance. - **Immunosuppressive Agents**: The concurrent use of **immunosuppressive** agents (e.g., **corticosteroids**) may enhance the growth of fungi in some cases, which could require closer monitoring. - **Oral Anticoagulants**: When Nystatin is used orally, patients taking **oral anticoagulants** (such as **warfarin**) should be monitored, though interactions are rare.

Pregnancy Category Note

Pregnancy category: C, ROUTE(S) : Mouth/Throat / PO Pregnancy Category: A, ROUTE(S) : Vaginal

Adult Dose

For **adults**, the recommended doses of Nystatin depend on the type and site of infection: - **Oropharyngeal Candidiasis**: The typical dose is **4-6 mL of Nystatin oral suspension** (100,000 units/mL) taken **4 times a day** for 7-14 days. Alternatively, **1 tablet** of Nystatin (500,000 units) can be taken **4 times a day**. - **Cutaneous Candidiasis**: Apply a **thin layer** of Nystatin cream or ointment (100,000 units/g) to the affected area **2-3 times daily**. - **Vaginal Candidiasis**: Nystatin vaginal tablets (100,000 units) are typically used as **one tablet at bedtime** for 14 days. - **Intestinal Candidiasis**: For severe infections, oral doses of **500,000 to 1,000,000 units** may be taken **3-4 times a day**.

Child Dose

For **children**, Nystatin dosing varies based on the age and condition being treated: - **Oral Thrush**: For infants and young children, the usual dose is **1 mL of Nystatin suspension** (100,000 units/mL) **4 times daily** for 7-14 days. - **Cutaneous Candidiasis**: Apply a thin layer of **Nystatin cream or ointment** (100,000 units/g) to the affected area **2-3 times daily**. - **Intestinal Candidiasis**: Children may receive **500,000 to 1,000,000 units** orally, **2-3 times daily**, depending on the severity of the infection.

Renal Dose

Since Nystatin is not significantly absorbed systemically, it does not require any dosage adjustments for patients with **renal impairment**. However, patients should be monitored for any signs of systemic effects if using the drug for prolonged periods or in high doses.

Administration

Information not available