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Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Hexachlorophaneis available in the market in concentration

Name

Mefenamic Acid

Precaution

Before starting treatment with **Mefenamic Acid**, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider, especially for individuals with specific medical conditions. Key precautions include: - **Gastrointestinal Risks**: - **Mefenamic Acid** is a **nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)** and may increase the risk of gastrointestinal issues, including **ulcers**, **bleeding**, and **perforation** of the stomach or intestines. These risks are particularly higher in elderly patients and those with a history of gastrointestinal disorders. - It is recommended to take **Mefenamic Acid** with food or milk to minimize stomach irritation. - **Cardiovascular Risks**: - **Mefenamic Acid** may increase the risk of **heart attack**, **stroke**, and **high blood pressure**, particularly with long-term use. Patients with a history of **heart disease**, **hypertension**, or those who smoke should be monitored closely. - **Kidney Function**: - **Mefenamic Acid** can cause **renal impairment**. Patients with pre-existing kidney conditions should be cautious, and the drug should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration. - **Pregnancy and Lactation**: - **Mefenamic Acid** is generally avoided during pregnancy, especially during the **third trimester**, as it may harm the fetus or cause premature closure of the fetal **ductus arteriosus**. It should also be used with caution during the **first and second trimesters** and only under a doctor's guidance. - **Mefenamic Acid** is excreted in breast milk, and breastfeeding mothers should discuss potential risks with their healthcare provider before using it. - **Allergic Reactions**: - As with other NSAIDs, **Mefenamic Acid** can cause allergic reactions, including **rash**, **swelling**, and **difficulty breathing**. Seek immediate medical attention if these symptoms occur.

Indication

**Mefenamic Acid** is primarily used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly prescribed for: - **Pain Management**: - **Mefenamic Acid** is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including **dysmenorrhea** (painful menstruation), **headaches**, **toothaches**, and **musculoskeletal pain** (e.g., back pain, arthritis-related pain). - **Menstrual Pain**: - **Mefenamic Acid** is particularly effective in treating **primary dysmenorrhea** (pain associated with menstruation). It reduces the intensity of pain and helps with cramping. - **Inflammation**: - The drug is used in managing conditions involving **inflammation**, such as **osteoarthritis** and **rheumatoid arthritis**, though its use for chronic conditions is typically limited due to the risk of side effects. - **Postoperative Pain**: - It may be prescribed to alleviate pain following surgical procedures, such as **dental surgery** or **minor orthopedic surgery**.

Contra indication

Certain conditions and situations make **Mefenamic Acid** unsuitable for use. Contraindications include: - **Hypersensitivity**: - Individuals with a **known allergy** to **Mefenamic Acid**, other **NSAIDs** (e.g., **aspirin**, **ibuprofen**), or any of the ingredients in the formulation should avoid taking this medication. - **Active Gastrointestinal Bleeding or Ulcers**: - **Mefenamic Acid** should be avoided in patients with active gastrointestinal **ulcers**, **bleeding**, or a history of **peptic ulcer disease**. - **Severe Renal Impairment**: - **Mefenamic Acid** is contraindicated in patients with **severe kidney disease** or **renal failure**, as NSAIDs can exacerbate renal dysfunction. - **Severe Liver Dysfunction**: - Patients with **severe liver disease** should not use **Mefenamic Acid**, as the drug is metabolized in the liver and can worsen liver function. - **Third Trimester of Pregnancy**: - **Mefenamic Acid** is contraindicated in the third trimester of pregnancy due to the risk of **fetal harm**, such as premature closure of the **ductus arteriosus**, a critical blood vessel in the fetus.

Side Effect

The potential side effects of **Mefenamic Acid** can vary from mild to severe. Common and serious side effects include: - **Common Side Effects**: - **Gastrointestinal Issues**: **Nausea**, **vomiting**, **gastric upset**, **indigestion**, and **diarrhea** are common, particularly with long-term use. - **Headache**: Some individuals may experience **headaches** as a side effect. - **Dizziness**: Dizziness or lightheadedness may occur in some patients, especially when standing up quickly. - **Severe Side Effects**: - **Gastrointestinal Bleeding**: Serious side effects include **gastrointestinal ulcers**, **bleeding**, or **perforation**. Symptoms such as **black stools**, **vomiting blood**, or severe abdominal pain require immediate medical attention. - **Cardiovascular Risks**: Long-term use of **Mefenamic Acid** may increase the risk of **heart attack**, **stroke**, or **high blood pressure**. - **Kidney Damage**: Use of **Mefenamic Acid** can cause **acute kidney injury** or worsen **pre-existing kidney conditions**. - **Allergic Reactions**: Symptoms like **skin rash**, **swelling**, **itching**, or **difficulty breathing** indicate an allergic reaction, which requires immediate discontinuation of the medication and medical intervention.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

**Mefenamic Acid** is a **nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)** that works by inhibiting enzymes involved in the synthesis of **prostaglandins**, which are chemicals that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. Specifically, it inhibits **cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)** and **cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)** enzymes, reducing the formation of prostaglandins at the site of injury or inflammation. This action results in: - **Pain Relief**: By reducing prostaglandin production, **Mefenamic Acid** reduces the **perception of pain** and **inflammation**, making it effective for conditions like dysmenorrhea and musculoskeletal pain. - **Anti-inflammatory Action**: It helps reduce swelling, redness, and other inflammatory responses, which is useful for conditions like arthritis.

Interaction

**Mefenamic Acid** can interact with a range of medications, affecting its efficacy or safety. Key interactions include: - **Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)**: - NSAIDs like **Mefenamic Acid** can **increase the risk of bleeding** when taken with **anticoagulants**. Monitoring is essential when used together. - **Other NSAIDs**: - Concurrent use of multiple NSAIDs, including **aspirin** or **ibuprofen**, should be avoided, as it can increase the risk of **gastric ulcers** and **bleeding**. - **Antihypertensive Drugs**: - **Mefenamic Acid** can reduce the effectiveness of **ACE inhibitors**, **angiotensin II receptor antagonists**, and **diuretics** used to manage **high blood pressure**. - **Lithium**: - **Mefenamic Acid** may increase the levels of **lithium** in the blood, potentially leading to **lithium toxicity**. Regular monitoring of lithium levels is necessary. - **Methotrexate**: - When used with **methotrexate**, **Mefenamic Acid** can **increase the toxicity** of methotrexate, leading to kidney damage and **hematologic disorders**. Close monitoring of both drugs is required. - **Diuretics**: - **Mefenamic Acid** may reduce the effectiveness of **thiazide diuretics** and increase the risk of kidney damage.

Pregnancy Category Note

Pregnancy Category: C; D in 3rd trimester or near delivery.

Adult Dose

The typical **adult dose** of **Mefenamic Acid** varies depending on the condition being treated: - **For Mild to Moderate Pain (e.g., headaches, muscle pain)**: - The usual dose is **500 mg** initially, followed by **250 mg every 6 hours** as needed. The maximum dose should not exceed **1,000 mg per day**. - **For Dysmenorrhea (Menstrual Pain)**: - **Mefenamic Acid** is often started with a dose of **500 mg** at the onset of symptoms, followed by **250 mg every 6 hours**. Treatment should typically be limited to **2-3 days**. - **For Inflammatory Conditions (e.g., Arthritis)**: - **Mefenamic Acid** can be used at a dose of **500 mg twice daily**, but the duration should be as short as possible due to the potential for side effects with long-term use.

Child Dose

**Mefenamic Acid** is **not recommended for children under the age of 12 years** due to safety concerns and the risk of severe gastrointestinal side effects. For older children, the dose must be adjusted based on weight, and the drug should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider. In conclusion, it is vital to consult a healthcare provider before initiating **Mefenamic Acid** therapy to ensure safe and effective use, especially for individuals with pre-existing medical conditions.

Renal Dose

In patients with **renal impairment**, dose adjustments may be required to minimize the risk of kidney damage. In general: - **Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment (CrCl 30–60 mL/min)**: - The dose should be reduced or used cautiously. It is recommended to start at the lowest effective dose. - **Severe Renal Impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min)**: - **Mefenamic Acid** is typically **contraindicated** due to the risk of **renal toxicity** and **accumulation** of the drug in the body.

Administration

Information not available