ORLADEYO 150mg Price

Overview

Welcome to Dwaey, specifically on ORLADEYO 150mg page.
This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Berotralstatis available in the market in concentration

Name

Tolmetin

Precaution

Before starting **Tolmetin**, it is crucial for patients to consult their healthcare provider to ensure the medication is appropriate for their specific health needs. Key precautions to consider include: - **Gastrointestinal Risks**: Like other **NSAIDs**, **Tolmetin** can cause **gastrointestinal (GI) problems**, such as **gastritis**, **ulceration**, or **bleeding**. Patients with a history of **GI bleeding**, **ulcers**, or **inflammatory bowel disease** should use **Tolmetin** with caution, and it may be necessary to use it alongside a **proton pump inhibitor (PPI)** or **H2 blocker** to protect the stomach lining. - **Cardiovascular Risks**: Long-term use of **Tolmetin** increases the risk of **heart attack**, **stroke**, and **high blood pressure**. Patients with a history of **cardiovascular disease**, **hypertension**, or those at risk for **heart failure** should be closely monitored. - **Renal Function**: **Tolmetin** can affect kidney function, especially when used for prolonged periods or in individuals with pre-existing **renal conditions**. Regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended during treatment, particularly in those with **kidney disease** or the elderly. - **Liver Function**: Patients with **liver impairment** or **hepatitis** should be monitored for any signs of **liver damage** (e.g., jaundice, dark urine, abdominal pain). - **Pregnancy and Breastfeeding**: **Tolmetin** is classified as **Category C** for pregnancy, indicating that it may have adverse effects on the fetus. It should be avoided during the third trimester due to the potential to cause **premature closure of the ductus arteriosus** in the fetus. It should also be used cautiously during the first and second trimesters and avoided in breastfeeding, as it can pass into breast milk. - **Allergic Reactions**: In rare cases, **Tolmetin** may cause serious allergic reactions such as **anaphylaxis**, **rash**, or **swelling**. Patients should immediately report any signs of an allergic reaction, including **difficulty breathing**, **hives**, or **swelling of the face** or **throat**.

Indication

**Tolmetin** is a **nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)** that is prescribed for the following therapeutic purposes: - **Osteoarthritis**: **Tolmetin** is commonly used to treat the pain and inflammation caused by **osteoarthritis**, a degenerative joint disease. - **Rheumatoid Arthritis**: It is also prescribed for managing the pain, stiffness, and inflammation associated with **rheumatoid arthritis**. - **Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis**: In some cases, **Tolmetin** may be prescribed to treat **juvenile rheumatoid arthritis** in children (aged 2 years and above), helping to control symptoms such as **joint pain** and **swelling**. - **Acute Pain**: **Tolmetin** can be used to relieve acute pain associated with **musculoskeletal injuries**, **dental pain**, and **post-operative pain**. - **Gout**: It may be used to treat the pain and inflammation associated with **gout**, a type of arthritis caused by **uric acid crystals** in the joints. - **Ankylosing Spondylitis**: It can also be used for managing the pain and inflammation caused by **ankylosing spondylitis**, an inflammatory disease that affects the spine.

Contra indication

**Tolmetin** should be avoided in the following conditions: - **Hypersensitivity**: **Tolmetin** is contraindicated in individuals who are allergic to **Tolmetin** or other **NSAIDs** (e.g., **ibuprofen**, **aspirin**). Cross-sensitivity reactions may occur. - **Active Peptic Ulcers**: Patients with a history of **peptic ulcer disease** or **active gastrointestinal bleeding** should not use **Tolmetin** due to the risk of exacerbating these conditions. - **Severe Renal or Hepatic Impairment**: **Tolmetin** is contraindicated in patients with **severe renal impairment** or **hepatic failure**, as the drug is metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. - **Third Trimester of Pregnancy**: **Tolmetin** should be avoided during the **third trimester** of pregnancy due to the risk of **premature closure of the ductus arteriosus**, a condition that can harm the fetus. It should also be used cautiously in the first two trimesters and avoided during breastfeeding. - **Severe Heart Disease**: Patients with **severe heart failure** or those who have recently had a **heart attack** should avoid using **Tolmetin**, as it can worsen heart function and increase the risk of complications.

Side Effect

Patients taking **Tolmetin** should be aware of the following potential side effects: - **Common Side Effects**: - **Gastrointestinal issues**: These include **nausea**, **diarrhea**, **indigestion**, or **constipation**. Taking the medication with food may help reduce stomach upset. - **Headache**: Some individuals may experience **headaches** during treatment. - **Dizziness** or **drowsiness** may occur, especially when standing up too quickly. - **Rash**: Skin reactions such as a **rash** may be seen in some individuals. - **Severe Side Effects**: - **Gastrointestinal Bleeding**: Patients should be vigilant for signs of **GI bleeding**, such as **black or tarry stools**, **vomiting blood**, or **severe stomach pain**. These are serious side effects and require immediate medical attention. - **Kidney Issues**: Symptoms like **swelling** in the legs or ankles, **urinary changes**, or unusual **fatigue** may indicate kidney problems. - **Liver Damage**: Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), **dark urine**, or **upper abdominal pain** can be signs of liver toxicity and should be evaluated by a doctor. - **Severe Allergic Reactions**: **Swelling of the face**, **difficulty breathing**, or **hives** may indicate a serious allergic reaction, which requires immediate medical intervention. - **Heart Attack or Stroke**: **Chest pain**, **shortness of breath**, or **swelling of the legs** may be symptoms of a heart attack or stroke, both of which are possible risks with prolonged use of **Tolmetin**.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

**Tolmetin** is an **NSAID** that works by inhibiting the **cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes** involved in the production of **prostaglandins**. **Prostaglandins** are chemical compounds that mediate pain, inflammation, and fever in the body. **Tolmetin** specifically inhibits both **COX-1** and **COX-2** enzymes, reducing the production of **prostaglandins** in tissues affected by inflammation. This results in reduced **pain**, **swelling**, and **fever**. By targeting inflammation at the biochemical level, **Tolmetin** provides therapeutic relief in conditions like **arthritis**, **gout**, and **acute pain**.

Interaction

**Tolmetin** can interact with several other medications, affecting its safety and efficacy: - **Anticoagulants**: **Tolmetin** can increase the risk of **bleeding** when used with **anticoagulants** like **warfarin** or **heparin**. Monitoring of **INR** levels is advised for patients on anticoagulants. - **Other NSAIDs**: Taking **Tolmetin** with other **NSAIDs** (e.g., **aspirin**, **ibuprofen**) can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and renal damage. - **Antihypertensive Drugs**: **Tolmetin** can reduce the effectiveness of **ACE inhibitors**, **angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)**, and **diuretics**, potentially causing elevated blood pressure and fluid retention. - **Lithium**: **Tolmetin** can increase the levels of **lithium** in the blood, leading to the potential for **lithium toxicity**. Lithium levels should be monitored regularly. - **Methotrexate**: Co-administration of **Tolmetin** with **methotrexate** may lead to increased **methotrexate toxicity**, as **Tolmetin** may impair the renal excretion of methotrexate. - **Cyclosporine**: When used with **cyclosporine**, **Tolmetin** can increase the risk of **renal toxicity**, and kidney function should be monitored.

Pregnancy Category Note

Pregnancy Category: C; D in 3rd trimester or near delivery.

Adult Dose

The usual **adult dose** for **Tolmetin** varies based on the condition being treated: - **For Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid Arthritis**: The typical starting dose is **400 mg** to **600 mg** **three times daily**. The maximum recommended dose is **1,800 mg** per day. - **For Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis**: The dosage for children is typically based on weight and age. The usual range is **15 mg/kg/day**, divided into two or three doses. - **For Acute Pain or Gout**: The initial dose is usually **600 mg** to **800 mg** taken every **6 to 8 hours** as needed. The total daily dose should not exceed **2,400 mg**.

Child Dose

The dosage for children depends on the child's age and weight: - **For Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis**: The typical dose is **15 mg/kg/day**, divided into two or three doses. - **For Acute Pain**: Children older than **2 years** may receive **400 mg** to **600 mg** per dose, **3 times daily**. The total daily dose should not exceed **2,400 mg**. Always consult a pediatrician for appropriate dosing. Always follow the dosing instructions provided by a healthcare provider, especially when administering to children or individuals with renal impairment.

Renal Dose

**Tolmetin** should be used cautiously in patients with **renal impairment**. In patients with **mild to moderate kidney dysfunction**, no significant dose adjustments are typically required. However, **renal function should be monitored** regularly, and the lowest effective dose should be used. **Tolmetin** should be avoided in patients with **severe renal impairment** due to the increased risk of **kidney toxicity**.

Administration

Information not available