JOIAL HCC Price in UAE

Overview

Welcome to Dwaey, specifically on JOIAL HCC page.
This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Chondroitin Sulfate , cyclodextrin , Hyaluronic acid sodium saltis available in the market in concentration

Name

Dexmedetomidine

Precaution

Use Dexmedetomidine with caution in patients with advanced heart block, severe ventricular dysfunction, hypovolemia, or the elderly due to risks of bradycardia and hypotension. Continuous monitoring of cardiac and respiratory function is required during administration. Adjust dose in patients with hepatic impairment as metabolism may be reduced. Avoid rapid bolus injection to prevent transient hypertension. Use caution in patients with neurological disorders as sedation may obscure neurological assessments.

Indication

Dexmedetomidine is indicated for sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care setting. It is also used for sedation during surgical and other procedures in non-intubated patients. It provides sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects without significant respiratory depression, making it suitable for conscious sedation and procedural sedation in both adults and pediatric populations under appropriate monitoring.

Contra indication

Dexmedetomidine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. It should not be used in patients with advanced heart block (unless paced), severe ventricular dysfunction, or acute cerebrovascular conditions where hypotension could worsen outcomes. Avoid use in cases of hemodynamic instability unless benefit outweighs risk and under expert supervision.

Side Effect

Common side effects include hypotension, bradycardia, dry mouth, and nausea. Less common but serious adverse effects may include cardiac arrest, atrioventricular block, and respiratory depression when used with other CNS depressants. Transient hypertension may occur during loading doses. Agitation and withdrawal symptoms may occur upon abrupt discontinuation after prolonged use.

Pregnancy Category ID

Information not available

Mode of Action

Dexmedetomidine is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. It exerts sedative and analgesic effects primarily by activating receptors in the brainstem, which inhibits norepinephrine release. This results in a state of cooperative sedation and anxiolysis, allowing patients to be calm yet responsive. Its minimal impact on respiratory drive distinguishes it from other sedatives like benzodiazepines and opioids.

Interaction

Dexmedetomidine may enhance the effects of other sedatives, hypnotics, anesthetics, and opioids, necessitating dose adjustments. Caution is advised when co-administered with antihypertensives or vasodilators due to additive hypotensive effects. Concomitant use with beta-blockers may increase the risk of severe bradycardia or AV block. CYP450-mediated drug interactions are minimal as it is primarily metabolized via glucuronidation and CYP2A6.

Pregnancy Category Note

Pregnancy Category C: Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus, and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Dexmedetomidine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It should be used with caution during labor and delivery due to potential neonatal respiratory depression and bradycardia.

Adult Dose

ICU Sedation: Loading dose of 1 mcg/kg IV over 10 minutes (optional), followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.2–0.7 mcg/kg/hr, titrated to desired sedation level. Procedural Sedation: Loading dose of 1 mcg/kg over 10 minutes, then maintenance of 0.6–1 mcg/kg/hr. Titrate based on response, max duration typically 24 hours.

Child Dose

Procedural/ICU Sedation (off-label use): Initiate at 0.2–1 mcg/kg/hr IV infusion. A loading dose of 0.5–1 mcg/kg over 10 minutes may be used with close monitoring. Adjust dose based on clinical response and age-specific pharmacokinetics.

Renal Dose

No dosage adjustment is typically required in renal impairment as Dexmedetomidine is primarily metabolized in the liver. However, caution and close monitoring are advised, especially in patients with end-stage renal disease, as altered hemodynamics and accumulation of inactive metabolites may occur.

Administration

Dexmedetomidine is administered intravenously either as a loading dose followed by continuous infusion or as a continuous infusion without a loading dose to minimize hemodynamic effects. Infuse over 10 minutes for loading. Use a controlled infusion device. Monitor ECG, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation continuously during administration. Do not administer via rapid IV bolus. Ensure compatibility with IV fluids and avoid concurrent use with incompatible medications in the same line.