JENTADUETO 2.5mg/1000mg Price

Overview

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Name

Sparfloxacin

Precaution

Before starting **Sparfloxacin**, it is important for patients to consult their healthcare provider to ensure the medication is appropriate for their health condition and medical history. Some important precautions to consider include: - **QT Prolongation**: Sparfloxacin is known to prolong the **QT interval** on an electrocardiogram (ECG), which can increase the risk of **life-threatening arrhythmias** like **torsades de pointes**. Patients with a history of **arrhythmias**, **heart disease**, or those who are taking **other medications that prolong the QT interval** (e.g., certain antiarrhythmic agents) should be closely monitored. - **Hepatic Impairment**: Sparfloxacin should be used with caution in patients with **liver disease**, as it is metabolized in the liver. Liver function should be monitored regularly, and dose adjustments may be necessary in those with hepatic impairment. - **Renal Impairment**: While Sparfloxacin is primarily metabolized in the liver, caution is still needed in patients with **renal impairment**. Renal function should be assessed before starting the medication, and adjustments may be necessary. - **Tendonitis and Tendon Rupture**: As with other **fluoroquinolones**, Sparfloxacin has been associated with an increased risk of **tendonitis** and **tendon rupture**, particularly in older adults and those taking corticosteroids. Patients should be advised to stop the medication and seek medical attention if they experience pain, swelling, or inflammation in their tendons. - **Phototoxicity**: Sparfloxacin can increase the risk of **photosensitivity**, leading to severe sunburn. Patients should avoid prolonged sun exposure or use adequate sun protection, such as wearing protective clothing and sunscreen. - **Neurological Effects**: Sparfloxacin has been associated with **central nervous system effects**, including **dizziness**, **headache**, **confusion**, and **seizures**. Patients should be cautioned about performing tasks that require mental alertness, such as driving, while taking the medication.

Indication

Sparfloxacin is an **antibiotic** belonging to the **fluoroquinolone class** and is used to treat various bacterial infections. Its therapeutic uses include: - **Respiratory Infections**: Sparfloxacin is indicated for the treatment of **community-acquired pneumonia** (CAP) and **acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis** caused by susceptible organisms. - **Skin and Soft Tissue Infections**: It is used for the treatment of **skin infections** like **cellulitis**, **wounds**, and **abscesses**. - **Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)**: Sparfloxacin is effective in treating **urinary tract infections**, including **cystitis** and **pyelonephritis**, caused by susceptible pathogens. - **Sinusitis**: It can be used for the treatment of **acute bacterial sinusitis** when caused by susceptible organisms.

Contra indication

Sparfloxacin should not be used in the following situations: - **Hypersensitivity**: It is contraindicated in individuals with a known **allergy or hypersensitivity** to Sparfloxacin or any other fluoroquinolone antibiotics, as severe allergic reactions can occur. - **Pregnancy and Lactation**: Sparfloxacin is contraindicated during **pregnancy** and **breastfeeding**, as it may cause **cartilage damage** in the developing fetus or infant, similar to other **fluoroquinolones**. - **Tendon Disorders**: Sparfloxacin should not be used in patients with a history of **tendon disorders** related to previous fluoroquinolone use, due to an increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture. - **Children and Adolescents**: Due to concerns regarding potential cartilage damage, Sparfloxacin is generally not recommended for use in **children** or **adolescents** under 18 years of age, except for certain severe infections where alternative treatments are unavailable.

Side Effect

Common side effects of **Sparfloxacin** include: - **Gastrointestinal Distress**: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain are common side effects. Taking the medication with food may help reduce these effects. - **Headache and Dizziness**: Some patients may experience **headache**, **dizziness**, or lightheadedness. - **Photosensitivity**: Sparfloxacin can increase sensitivity to sunlight, leading to severe sunburn even with minimal sun exposure. Patients should avoid direct sunlight and use sun protection. - **Tendonitis and Tendon Rupture**: As with other fluoroquinolones, Sparfloxacin can increase the risk of **tendonitis** or **tendon rupture**, particularly in elderly patients and those using corticosteroids. - **QT Prolongation**: Sparfloxacin can prolong the **QT interval**, potentially leading to **arrhythmias**. This effect may be more pronounced in individuals with underlying heart conditions. - **Rash**: Some patients may develop a rash or other allergic reactions, which should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. - **Liver Enzyme Elevations**: Rarely, Sparfloxacin may cause elevated liver enzymes or jaundice, indicating liver damage. Serious side effects include: - **Severe allergic reactions**, such as **anaphylaxis**. - **Seizures**, especially in individuals with a history of neurological conditions. - **Severe tendonitis** or **tendon rupture**, particularly in the Achilles tendon. - **Severe skin reactions**, such as **blistering or peeling**, which may indicate **Stevens-Johnson syndrome**. Patients should immediately seek medical attention if they experience any of these serious side effects.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

Sparfloxacin is a **fluoroquinolone antibiotic** that works by inhibiting **DNA gyrase** and **topoisomerase IV**, two enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication and repair. These enzymes are critical for the **supercoiling** of bacterial DNA, and by inhibiting their activity, Sparfloxacin prevents bacterial cells from replicating and repairing their DNA. This results in the death of the bacteria, making Sparfloxacin **bactericidal** (it kills bacteria rather than just inhibiting their growth). Sparfloxacin has a broad spectrum of activity against both **gram-positive** and **gram-negative bacteria**, and it is effective against a variety of pathogens, including those responsible for **respiratory infections**, **urinary tract infections**, and **skin infections**.

Interaction

Sparfloxacin may interact with a variety of medications, which can affect its efficacy and safety: - **Antacids and Iron Supplements**: **Antacids** containing **magnesium or aluminum**, as well as **iron supplements**, can decrease the absorption of Sparfloxacin, reducing its effectiveness. These should be taken at least **2 hours before or after** Sparfloxacin. - **Corticosteroids**: The use of **corticosteroids** alongside Sparfloxacin increases the risk of **tendonitis** and **tendon rupture**. Caution is advised, and patients should be closely monitored for tendon-related symptoms. - **Other QT-prolonging Drugs**: Sparfloxacin can interact with other medications that prolong the **QT interval**, such as **antiarrhythmic drugs**, **antipsychotics**, and **antidepressants**. This combination may further increase the risk of **arrhythmias**. - **Warfarin**: Sparfloxacin may enhance the effects of **warfarin** (an anticoagulant), increasing the risk of bleeding. Frequent monitoring of the **International Normalized Ratio (INR)** is recommended in patients taking both medications. - **Theophylline**: Sparfloxacin can increase the serum concentration of **theophylline**, leading to increased **toxicity**. Dose adjustments and monitoring are recommended when used concomitantly.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The recommended adult dose of Sparfloxacin is typically: - **Respiratory tract infections** (e.g., **community-acquired pneumonia**): **200 mg** once daily for **7–14 days**, depending on the severity of the infection. - **Urinary tract infections**: **200 mg** once daily for **7–10 days**. - **Skin and soft tissue infections**: **200 mg** once daily for **7–14 days**. The dosage may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the patient's individual response.

Child Dose

Sparfloxacin is **not recommended for children** under 18 years of age, except for certain life-threatening infections where other treatments are not available, due to concerns about its effects on **cartilage development**. If used in pediatric patients, the dose must be determined by a healthcare provider, taking into consideration the child’s age, weight, and the type of infection. As always, patients should consult their healthcare provider before using Sparfloxacin to ensure it is appropriate for their condition. Regular follow-up appointments are important to monitor for any potential adverse effects, especially **QT prolongation** and **tendonitis**.

Renal Dose

In patients with **renal impairment** (e.g., **creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min**), the dose of Sparfloxacin may need to be reduced. It is important to closely monitor renal function during treatment to avoid **drug accumulation** and increased risk of adverse effects.

Administration

Information not available