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Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Doxazosinis available in the market in concentration

Name

Tetanus (Human Anti-tetanus) Immunoglobulin

Precaution

Before receiving **Tetanus (Human Anti-tetanus) Immunoglobulin**, it is important for patients to consult their healthcare provider. Several precautions should be considered: - **Allergic Reactions**: Individuals who have had an **allergic reaction** (such as **anaphylaxis**) to human immunoglobulin preparations should avoid **Tetanus immunoglobulin**. - **History of Tetanus**: Patients who have previously had **tetanus** should inform their healthcare provider, as the treatment protocols may differ based on the individual’s immunization status and history. - **Immunocompromised Individuals**: Those who are immunocompromised (e.g., receiving immunosuppressive therapy, **HIV-positive individuals**) may be at higher risk for complications following immunoglobulin administration and may require closer monitoring. - **Pregnancy**: **Tetanus immunoglobulin** is considered **safe** during pregnancy, especially in cases of trauma or injury that may expose a pregnant woman to the risk of **tetanus**. However, it should only be administered after consulting with a healthcare provider. - **Pre-existing Medical Conditions**: Patients with **renal impairment** or other significant comorbidities should be monitored carefully when receiving **Tetanus immunoglobulin**, as it may have an effect on kidney function. - **Vaccination Status**: **Tetanus immunoglobulin** is intended to provide passive immunity following a wound or exposure to **tetanus toxin**; however, it does not replace active **tetanus vaccination**. Patients should still receive the appropriate **tetanus vaccine** series, as recommended by their healthcare provider.

Indication

**Tetanus (Human Anti-tetanus) Immunoglobulin** is used in the following therapeutic situations: - **Post-Exposure Prophylaxis**: The primary use of **Tetanus immunoglobulin** is in providing passive immunity to individuals who have been exposed to **tetanus toxin** due to an injury or wound. This is especially important in the case of **contaminated** or **dirty wounds** that have a higher risk of tetanus infection. - **Patients with Incomplete Immunization**: If an individual has not received **adequate tetanus vaccination** or if there is a history of incomplete vaccination, **Tetanus immunoglobulin** is given to provide immediate protection until active immunity can be developed through vaccination. - **Wounds at Risk of Tetanus**: It is also indicated in cases of deep puncture wounds, animal bites, or injuries caused by **rusty objects** or other sources known to harbor **tetanus spores**.

Contra indication

**Tetanus (Human Anti-tetanus) Immunoglobulin** should not be used in the following situations: - **Severe Allergy to Immunoglobulins**: If the patient has a **severe allergic reaction** to **human immunoglobulin preparations**, they should not receive this treatment. - **Active Tetanus Infection**: This immunoglobulin is not a treatment for **active tetanus**; rather, it is used for **passive prevention** in individuals who are at risk of developing the infection. Individuals with active symptoms of **tetanus** require different therapies, including antibiotics and tetanus toxoid. - **Known Sensitivity to Components**: If the individual has a known **sensitivity** to any of the components used in the formulation of **Anti-tetanus Immunoglobulin**, it should not be administered.

Side Effect

While **Tetanus (Human Anti-tetanus) Immunoglobulin** is generally well-tolerated, it may cause some side effects: - **Allergic Reactions**: Mild allergic reactions may occur, including **rash**, **hives**, or **itching**. Severe reactions, although rare, can include **anaphylaxis**. - **Injection Site Reactions**: Patients may experience pain, **swelling**, redness, or **bruising** at the injection site. - **Headache and Fever**: Some individuals may experience mild **headaches**, **fever**, or **chills** after administration. - **Muscle Aches and Malaise**: Symptoms like **muscle soreness**, **fatigue**, or general **malaise** may occur. - **Nausea**: In some cases, patients may experience **nausea** following the administration of **Tetanus immunoglobulin**. - **Hemolysis**: In rare cases, there may be a risk of **hemolysis** (destruction of red blood cells), especially in individuals with a history of **hemolytic anemia**.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

**Tetanus (Human Anti-tetanus) Immunoglobulin** works by providing **passive immunity** through the introduction of pre-formed **tetanus antibodies** into the body. These antibodies neutralize the **tetanus toxin** (produced by the **Clostridium tetani** bacteria) and prevent it from causing **neurological damage**. - **Binding to Tetanus Toxin**: Once administered, the **immunoglobulin** binds to the **tetanus toxin** in the bloodstream, preventing it from attaching to nerve endings and inhibiting the **neurotoxic effects** that cause muscle spasms and paralysis. - **Immediate Protection**: The passive immunity provided by **Tetanus immunoglobulin** offers immediate protection against the toxin. This effect lasts for a limited period, after which active **tetanus vaccination** is required to provide long-term immunity.

Interaction

**Tetanus (Human Anti-tetanus) Immunoglobulin** may interact with other medications and substances: - **Live Vaccines**: **Tetanus immunoglobulin** may interfere with the immune response to **live vaccines** (such as **measles**, **mumps**, or **rubella**). It is generally recommended to wait at least **3 months** before receiving live vaccines after receiving this immunoglobulin, to ensure the effectiveness of the vaccine. - **Other Immunoglobulins**: If the patient is receiving other **immunoglobulin products**, including **immunoglobulin therapy** for **immune deficiency**, the dosage and timing of **Tetanus immunoglobulin** should be reviewed by the healthcare provider to avoid possible interference. - **Blood Transfusions**: Blood products containing **immunoglobulins** may alter the body's immune response to future infections or vaccines. Coordination with the healthcare provider is necessary when considering **Tetanus immunoglobulin** along with transfusions.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The typical adult dose of **Tetanus (Human Anti-tetanus) Immunoglobulin** is as follows: - **Post-Exposure Prophylaxis**: The standard dose for **adults** is **250 units** (or as recommended by the healthcare provider based on the exposure and clinical condition). This dose is typically administered **intramuscularly** as soon as possible after exposure to a **tetanus-prone wound**. - **Incomplete Vaccination**: In adults who have not received adequate **tetanus vaccination**, **Tetanus immunoglobulin** should be given alongside a **tetanus toxoid vaccine**. - **Severe Wounds**: For **deep** or **dirty wounds** at high risk for **tetanus**, a higher dose may be required, and the healthcare provider may adjust the dose based on the wound severity and the individual’s immunization status.

Child Dose

For pediatric patients, the dose of **Tetanus immunoglobulin** is based on weight and clinical presentation: - **Standard Dose**: The typical dose for children is around **250 units** for those who have been exposed to tetanus-prone injuries. However, the precise dosing should be determined based on the child’s age, weight, and immunization history. - **Premature Infants or Low Birth Weight**: In these cases, dosage may be adjusted based on the baby’s specific needs and the healthcare provider's discretion. - **Post-Vaccination**: If the child has not received full **tetanus vaccination** or is in need of urgent prophylaxis, **Tetanus immunoglobulin** is often given along with a **tetanus vaccine** to ensure adequate protection. ---

Renal Dose

There are no specific renal dose adjustments required for **Tetanus (Human Anti-tetanus) Immunoglobulin** in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. However, individuals with **severe renal disease** should be monitored closely during treatment. **Renal function** should be assessed regularly to prevent any potential complications, especially if the patient has additional underlying health concerns that could affect kidney function.

Administration

Information not available