(KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v Price in UAE

Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Sodium chlorideis available in the market in concentration

Name

Sodium chloride

Precaution

<ul> <li>Renal Impairment: Use sodium chloride cautiously in patients with renal dysfunction, as impaired kidney function can lead to sodium and fluid retention, potentially worsening edema or causing hypernatremia.</li> <li>Cardiovascular Conditions: Patients with congestive heart failure, hypertension, or other cardiovascular diseases should be closely monitored. Sodium chloride can contribute to increased fluid volume and blood pressure.</li> <li>Electrolyte Imbalance: Carefully monitor serum sodium and other electrolytes in individuals receiving sodium chloride infusions. An excess may lead to hypernatremia, while insufficient monitoring can result in imbalances such as hypokalemia or acidosis.</li> <li>Edematous States: Conditions such as cirrhosis with ascites or nephrotic syndrome may be exacerbated by fluid overload due to sodium retention. Use the lowest effective dose in these patients.</li> <li>Volume Overload Risk: Rapid or excessive infusion of sodium chloride, especially in vulnerable patients (e.g., elderly, pediatric), can lead to fluid overload, pulmonary edema, or intracranial hemorrhage in neonates.</li> <li>Infusion Site Monitoring: IV administration requires monitoring for phlebitis, infiltration, or local infection. Use proper aseptic technique during administration.</li> <li>Concomitant Medication: Assess for drugs that may exacerbate sodium or fluid retention (e.g., corticosteroids, NSAIDs). Dose adjustments or alternative therapy may be required.</li> </ul>

Indication

<ul> <li>Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement: Sodium chloride is primarily used to restore and maintain extracellular fluid volume in patients with dehydration, sodium depletion, or hypotension due to various causes (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, burns, trauma, or surgery).</li> <li>Vehicle for Drug Dilution: It serves as a diluent for the reconstitution and administration of compatible intravenous medications or parenteral nutrition.</li> <li>Wound Irrigation: Sterile sodium chloride solution is used topically to cleanse wounds, irrigate surgical sites, and flush catheters.</li> <li>Ophthalmic Use: Isotonic sodium chloride solutions are used as eye drops or eyewash solutions for cleansing or hydrating the eyes.</li> <li>Hypovolemic Shock: It may be used as part of initial resuscitation in shock caused by fluid loss when blood or colloids are not immediately available.</li> </ul>

Contra indication

<ul> <li>Hypernatremia: Administration is contraindicated in patients with elevated serum sodium levels due to the risk of exacerbating the condition, leading to neurological damage or osmotic demyelination.</li> <li>Fluid Retention Disorders: Patients with conditions such as congestive heart failure, cirrhosis with ascites, or generalized edema should not receive sodium chloride unless clearly indicated, as it may worsen fluid overload.</li> <li>Severe Renal Impairment: In patients with significant renal dysfunction who cannot excrete sodium adequately, sodium chloride administration may result in fluid and electrolyte imbalances.</li> <li>Pulmonary Edema: Sodium chloride infusion may aggravate or precipitate pulmonary edema, especially if administered rapidly or in large volumes.</li> <li>Anuria: In the absence of urine production, sodium retention and associated complications may occur. Avoid use unless fluid status is closely monitored and justified.</li> </ul>

Side Effect

<ul> <li>Hypernatremia: Excessive sodium chloride can cause elevated sodium levels in the blood, leading to restlessness, irritability, muscle twitching, seizures, or coma in severe cases.</li> <li>Fluid Overload: Infusions may result in volume overload, manifesting as hypertension, edema, shortness of breath, or pulmonary congestion, particularly in patients with cardiac or renal conditions.</li> <li>Metabolic Acidosis: Prolonged administration may cause dilutional acidosis or hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, especially in large-volume infusions.</li> <li>Local Reactions: Pain, swelling, or redness at the infusion site, along with potential for phlebitis or extravasation.</li> <li>Electrolyte Imbalance: Rapid infusion without proper monitoring can disrupt potassium, calcium, or magnesium balance.</li> </ul>

Pregnancy Category ID

Information not available

Mode of Action

<ul> <li>Sodium chloride dissociates completely into sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions when administered intravenously or absorbed. These ions are major electrolytes in the extracellular fluid and are essential for maintaining osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, and fluid distribution across cellular membranes.</li> <li>Sodium plays a critical role in nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and maintaining cellular integrity. It also influences renal absorption of water through osmosis and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.</li> <li>Chloride contributes to acid-base regulation by forming hydrochloric acid (HCl) in gastric secretions and balancing the buffering effect of bicarbonate in blood plasma.</li> <li>When given intravenously, isotonic saline restores circulating blood volume, increases venous return, and improves tissue perfusion by expanding extracellular fluid volume.</li> </ul>

Interaction

<ul> <li>Corticosteroids: May cause sodium and fluid retention, increasing the risk of hypertension and edema when used with sodium chloride infusions.</li> <li>NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can impair renal function and increase sodium retention, leading to fluid overload and elevated blood pressure.</li> <li>Diuretics: Concurrent use may require careful monitoring. Loop and thiazide diuretics affect sodium excretion and could either potentiate or counteract sodium chloride's effects.</li> <li>ACE Inhibitors/ARBs: May impair sodium balance and renal excretion, requiring dose adjustment or close monitoring during co-administration.</li> <li>Lithium: Sodium depletion increases lithium reabsorption, and sodium chloride can reverse this, potentially lowering lithium levels. Monitor serum lithium concentrations closely.</li> </ul>

Pregnancy Category Note

<ul> <li>Sodium chloride is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy (Pregnancy Category A in Australia; not formally assigned by the FDA), as it is a naturally occurring body constituent and essential for maternal and fetal fluid balance.</li> <li>When administered in appropriate volumes for fluid replacement or electrolyte correction, it poses minimal risk to the fetus. However, overuse or rapid administration can lead to fluid overload, electrolyte disturbances, or hypertension in the mother, which could indirectly affect fetal health.</li> <li>As with all medications during pregnancy, it should be used under medical supervision, with close monitoring of fluid status, renal function, and serum electrolyte levels.</li> </ul>

Adult Dose

<ul> <li>Isotonic Sodium Chloride (0.9%): 500 ml to 3 liters per day intravenously, depending on fluid loss, hydration status, and clinical condition. Administer at a controlled rate to avoid fluid overload.</li> <li>Hypertonic Saline (e.g., 3%): Typically used in cases of severe hyponatremia; dosed carefully (100–250 ml over 20–30 minutes), under ICU monitoring to prevent osmotic demyelination syndrome.</li> <li>As a Diluent: Volume varies depending on the drug being diluted. Generally, 50–100 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride is used for IV reconstitution of medications.</li> </ul>

Child Dose

<ul> <li>Maintenance Fluids: 20–100 ml/kg/day of isotonic saline, depending on age, weight, and dehydration status. Adjust according to clinical assessment and electrolyte monitoring.</li> <li>Dehydration Correction: Initial bolus of 10–20 ml/kg over 30–60 minutes in cases of hypovolemia or shock.</li> <li>Hypertonic Solutions: Dosed based on sodium deficit and clinical setting (e.g., 3% saline: 1–2 ml/kg over 10–30 minutes under close monitoring).</li> </ul>

Renal Dose

<ul> <li>Renal Impairment: Sodium chloride dosing must be individualized in patients with renal dysfunction. Reduce the volume and rate of infusion to prevent fluid retention and hypernatremia.</li> <li>End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD): Use minimal necessary fluid for reconstitution or drug delivery. Avoid continuous infusion unless under dialysis or strict monitoring.</li> <li>Dialysis Patients: Fluid administration should be coordinated with dialysis plans. Monitor serum sodium, potassium, and volume status regularly.</li> </ul>

Administration

<ul> <li>Intravenous (IV) Use: Administer via a calibrated infusion device to control rate and volume. Ensure compatibility with other IV medications when co-administered through the same line.</li> <li>Aseptic Technique: Maintain strict sterile technique during administration to prevent contamination and infection.</li> <li>Monitoring: Regularly assess fluid balance, serum electrolytes, renal function, and infusion site for signs of irritation or extravasation.</li> <li>Rate of Infusion: For large-volume infusions, deliver slowly (e.g., 100–150 ml/hour) unless rapid correction is clinically indicated. Use infusion pumps for accurate dosing.</li> </ul>