(KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v Infusion/Solution for

What is (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v

(KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous infusion solution formulated with sodium chloride, a key electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance and electrolyte equilibrium in the body. It contains 0.45% weight/volume concentration of sodium chloride dissolved in water for injection, making it a hypotonic saline solution. Each 500ml collapsible polyethylene (PE) bottle delivers an isotonic fluid volume suitable for intravenous administration in clinical and hospital settings.

• It is used primarily for correcting mild to moderate sodium losses and for hydration therapy.
• This solution is often selected in patients requiring sodium and chloride supplementation with minimal fluid overload risk.
• It plays a key role in managing fluid and electrolyte imbalances in conditions like dehydration, renal impairment, or perioperative fluid therapy.
• The product is manufactured by KSPICO (Kuwait Saudi Pharmaceutical Industries Co.) and complies with BP standards for parenteral infusion fluids.

The solution does not contain antimicrobial preservatives and should be used with caution in neonates or patients with compromised renal function. It is essential to monitor fluid and electrolyte status during therapy.

How to use (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v

The administration of (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v should be performed by qualified healthcare professionals in a clinical setting. It is designed for intravenous use only and is typically administered using sterile infusion equipment under aseptic conditions.

• Route: Intravenous (IV) infusion through a peripheral or central vein.
• Volume: 500ml per bottle; can be administered continuously or intermittently depending on clinical requirements.
• Rate of Infusion: Must be adjusted based on the patient's age, weight, fluid status, renal function, and underlying medical condition.
• Monitoring: Frequent monitoring of electrolytes, fluid balance, renal function, and vital signs is critical to prevent complications such as fluid overload or hyponatremia.

Before administration, inspect the solution for particulate matter or discoloration. If either is present, the solution must not be used. Ensure the PE bottle is intact and the seal is unbroken.

Use immediately after opening and discard any unused portion. Avoid co-administration with incompatible drugs in the same IV line. Always follow institutional protocols and prescribing physician instructions.

Mode of Action (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v

(KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v functions as a hypotonic electrolyte replacement solution. It exerts its physiological effect through the dissociation of sodium chloride into sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions in the bloodstream, which are essential for various cellular and physiological processes.

• Sodium ions: Maintain extracellular fluid volume and osmotic pressure, regulate nerve impulse transmission, and support muscle function.
• Chloride ions: Contribute to acid-base balance, osmotic equilibrium, and gastrointestinal secretion processes.
• Hypotonic nature: Allows movement of water from the intravascular compartment to the interstitial and intracellular spaces, helping in cellular hydration without causing rapid volume expansion.
• Electrolyte replenishment: Useful in correcting mild sodium depletion and preventing dehydration-related complications.

This solution plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis in acutely ill patients. Its hypotonic composition makes it suitable for patients where isotonic solutions may pose a risk of fluid overload. However, it should be administered with caution to avoid hyponatremia or electrolyte imbalances, especially in pediatric or geriatric populations.

(KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v Interactions (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v

While (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v is generally considered safe, potential interactions with other drugs and medical conditions must be considered during therapy to avoid adverse outcomes.

• Diuretics: Concurrent use with loop or thiazide diuretics may exacerbate electrolyte imbalance, particularly hyponatremia or hypokalemia.
• Corticosteroids or corticotropin: These may cause sodium retention and potassium loss, requiring monitoring during co-administration.
• Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors: Including ACE inhibitors and ARBs, these may increase the risk of hyperkalemia when sodium and fluid balance is altered.
• Drugs with sodium load: Co-administration with other sodium-containing products increases the risk of sodium overload and fluid retention.
• Conditions like CHF, renal impairment, or hepatic cirrhosis: Require careful monitoring due to risk of fluid accumulation or electrolyte shifts.

Always consult a healthcare provider before administering this solution with other IV drugs in the same line, as physical or chemical incompatibilities may occur. Mixing medications in the same solution without compatibility verification can lead to precipitation or loss of efficacy.

Dosage of (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v

The dosage of (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v varies depending on individual clinical needs. It should be tailored according to patient-specific factors such as age, body weight, electrolyte status, and the severity of fluid loss.

• Adults: Typically, 500–1000 ml may be infused over several hours. Rate must be adjusted based on clinical response.
• Children and Infants: Dosage must be calculated based on body weight (e.g., 20–50 ml/kg/day), under close medical supervision.
• Geriatric Patients: Initiate at lower infusion rates to minimize the risk of fluid overload, especially in patients with compromised renal or cardiac function.
• Maximum Dose: Depends on total daily fluid requirement and electrolyte goals; should not exceed patient’s fluid tolerance.

Regular laboratory monitoring of serum sodium, chloride, and renal function is advised during treatment. Adjust infusion rate and volume accordingly to prevent hypo- or hypernatremia and fluid overload.

Possible side effects of (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v

Though well-tolerated in most patients, (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v may cause adverse effects, especially with inappropriate use or prolonged administration. Side effects are typically related to disturbances in fluid or electrolyte balance.

• Common Adverse Effects:
  • Hyponatremia (low serum sodium)
  • Fluid overload or edema
  • Irritation at the injection site
• Less Common:
  • Electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia, hyperchloremia)
  • Headache, restlessness, or confusion (from electrolyte shifts)
  • Hypotension or hypertension depending on fluid shifts
• Severe Reactions (Rare):
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Congestive heart failure exacerbation
  • Seizures (from rapid changes in sodium levels)

Prompt evaluation and discontinuation may be necessary if any serious side effects occur. Always monitor infusion under professional supervision.

(KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v Contraindications (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v

There are specific clinical scenarios in which the use of (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v is contraindicated or should be approached with extreme caution.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Known hypersensitivity to sodium chloride
  • Severe hyponatremia without hypertonic saline correction
  • Congestive heart failure (uncontrolled)
  • Severe renal impairment without dialysis access
• Relative Contraindications:
  • Cirrhosis with ascites (risk of dilutional hyponatremia)
  • Edematous states (e.g., nephrotic syndrome)
  • Use in neonates without proper monitoring

Due to its hypotonic nature, this solution can cause cellular swelling and hyponatremia if administered excessively. Clinical judgment and individualized therapy are crucial to prevent iatrogenic complications.

Storage of (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v

Proper storage of (KSPICO) SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% w/v is essential to ensure its sterility, efficacy, and safety for intravenous administration.

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
• Humidity: Protect from excessive moisture and direct sunlight.
• Packaging: Keep the PE collapsible bottle sealed and intact. Do not use if the seal is broken or the container is damaged.
• Freezing: Avoid freezing the solution. If frozen, discard as it may affect product integrity.
• Shelf Life: Check the expiration date printed on the packaging. Do not use beyond the indicated expiry.

Once opened, the solution should be used immediately, and any unused portion must be discarded to prevent microbial contamination. Do not add other drugs unless compatibility is confirmed by a pharmacist.