(Baxter) Glucose 5% w/v Price in UAE

Overview

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Glucose Monohydrateis available in the market in concentration

Name

Glucose Monohydrate

Precaution

Glucose monohydrate should be used with caution in patients with known or suspected diabetes mellitus due to its potential to cause significant hyperglycemia. Close monitoring of blood glucose levels is advised, especially in critically ill patients or those receiving high doses. Use cautiously in individuals with renal impairment or those prone to fluid overload, as excessive glucose infusion can lead to osmotic diuresis and electrolyte imbalances. In patients with thiamine deficiency (e.g., chronic alcoholics), administer thiamine before initiating high-dose glucose to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy. Caution is also necessary in patients with intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage, as rapid infusion of hypertonic glucose solutions can worsen outcomes due to osmotic shifts. Prolonged use requires regular monitoring of serum electrolytes and fluid balance.

Indication

Glucose monohydrate is indicated primarily for the treatment of hypoglycemia and as a carbohydrate and energy source in parenteral nutrition. It is commonly used in intravenous (IV) fluid therapy for patients who are unable to consume adequate oral calories, including those undergoing surgery, trauma, or prolonged fasting. Glucose-containing solutions are also employed to deliver medications intravenously and to provide hydration with caloric supplementation. In neonatal care, it is indicated to manage neonatal hypoglycemia. Additionally, it serves a diagnostic role in oral glucose tolerance tests to evaluate insulin function and diagnose diabetes mellitus.

Contra indication

Glucose monohydrate is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to glucose or any component of the formulation. It should not be administered to individuals with hyperglycemia, diabetic coma (with or without ketosis), or glucose-galactose malabsorption. Its use is also contraindicated in patients with anuria, acute dehydration, or intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage where glucose-induced fluid shifts may worsen cerebral edema. Patients with severe dehydration or uncompensated heart failure should avoid hypertonic glucose solutions due to the risk of volume overload. Administration in patients with uncorrected electrolyte imbalances, especially hypokalemia, should be avoided.

Side Effect

Common side effects of glucose monohydrate administration include hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia or hyponatremia. Rapid IV infusion of hypertonic glucose may lead to phlebitis or thrombophlebitis at the injection site. In some cases, fluid overload can occur, especially in patients with compromised renal or cardiac function. Rarely, hypersensitivity reactions including rash, fever, or anaphylaxis may be observed. Long-term use without proper nutritional supplementation may lead to vitamin deficiencies or metabolic imbalances. In neonates, excessive infusion can result in hyperosmolar states or jaundice.

Pregnancy Category ID

Information not available

Mode of Action

Glucose monohydrate serves as a primary energy substrate. Upon administration, it is rapidly metabolized by body cells via glycolysis to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is essential for cellular functions. The glucose enters cells with the help of insulin, especially in insulin-sensitive tissues like muscle and fat. In the liver, glucose is stored as glycogen for later energy needs. During intravenous administration, glucose contributes to maintaining blood glucose levels and osmotic balance. In hypoglycemia, exogenous glucose directly elevates plasma glucose levels, correcting symptoms and preventing neuroglycopenic damage.

Interaction

Glucose monohydrate can interact with insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, potentially altering glycemic control. Concurrent administration with corticosteroids, diuretics, or adrenergic agents may enhance hyperglycemic effects. Glucose infusion can impact the solubility and stability of certain intravenous drugs; therefore, compatibility should be confirmed before co-administration. Glucose may interfere with laboratory tests, especially those related to blood or urine glucose measurement. Alcohol consumption may impair glucose metabolism and increase the risk of hypoglycemia in susceptible individuals. Always monitor blood glucose when administering glucose with other medications affecting carbohydrate metabolism.

Pregnancy Category Note

Glucose monohydrate is generally considered safe during pregnancy (Pregnancy Category: Not assigned by FDA, but widely used). It is used as part of intravenous fluids to treat dehydration or hypoglycemia in pregnant women. However, blood glucose levels should be closely monitored, particularly in women with gestational diabetes or insulin resistance, as excessive glucose can lead to fetal hyperinsulinemia and macrosomia. It crosses the placenta and may affect fetal glucose homeostasis if not properly regulated. Use during labor and delivery should be individualized to prevent maternal or neonatal metabolic complications.

Adult Dose

The typical adult dose of glucose monohydrate varies depending on the clinical scenario. For hypoglycemia, a 50 ml IV bolus of 50% dextrose solution (equivalent to 25 g of glucose) is commonly administered, followed by a continuous infusion of 5–10% dextrose in water to maintain euglycemia. In parenteral nutrition, daily glucose requirements are approximately 3–5 g/kg/day, adjusted according to caloric needs and metabolic status. The rate of infusion should not exceed the maximum glucose oxidation rate (typically 4–5 mg/kg/min) to prevent hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis.

Child Dose

Pediatric dosing must be individualized. For neonates with hypoglycemia, a 10% dextrose solution is administered intravenously at 2–5 ml/kg as a bolus, followed by a continuous infusion at 6–8 mg/kg/min. Infants and children typically receive 10–25% dextrose solutions depending on age and clinical status. The maximum glucose infusion rate should not exceed the child’s glucose oxidation capacity, generally around 8–10 mg/kg/min in neonates and lower in older children. Monitoring of serum glucose and electrolytes is essential during therapy to prevent complications.

Renal Dose

In patients with renal impairment, glucose monohydrate should be used cautiously. There is no specific dose adjustment, but close monitoring of fluid status, glucose levels, and electrolytes is essential. The risk of fluid overload, hyperglycemia, and metabolic acidosis is increased in these patients. If hyperkalemia is present, glucose may be administered with insulin to promote intracellular potassium shift, but this must be done with strict monitoring. Avoid rapid or large-volume infusions of hypertonic glucose in patients with reduced renal clearance.

Administration

Glucose monohydrate is administered intravenously, typically as a component of dextrose-containing solutions. Concentrations range from 5% (isotonic) to 50% (hypertonic) depending on the indication. Isotonic solutions are suitable for maintenance hydration, while hypertonic solutions are used for rapid correction of severe hypoglycemia. For peripheral administration, concentrations above 10% should be used cautiously due to risk of vein irritation. Central venous access is preferred for prolonged infusion or high-concentration glucose to reduce the risk of thrombophlebitis. Ensure aseptic technique and monitor infusion site and glucose levels regularly.