XELJANZ XR 22 mg Price

Overview

Welcome to Dwaey, specifically on XELJANZ XR 22 mg page.
This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Tofacitinib citrateis available in the market in concentration

Name

Alverine Citrate

Precaution

**Alverine citrate** is primarily used for the symptomatic relief of **irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)** and other gastrointestinal disorders characterized by abdominal discomfort and bloating. The medication works as a smooth muscle relaxant in the gastrointestinal tract. While **alverine citrate** is generally well tolerated, there are several important precautions to consider: - **Pregnancy and Breastfeeding**: Alverine citrate is classified as **Category C** during pregnancy, meaning that its safety in pregnant women has not been established. It should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. There is limited data on the excretion of alverine citrate in breast milk, so caution is advised when using it in breastfeeding mothers. - **Gastrointestinal Disorders**: Caution is needed in patients with **gastrointestinal obstruction** or **severe constipation**, as alverine citrate’s muscle-relaxing effects may exacerbate these conditions or mask symptoms of an underlying gastrointestinal issue. - **Liver and Renal Function**: While not specifically contraindicated in liver or renal disease, **hepatic** or **renal impairment** patients should use alverine citrate under medical supervision, as the drug may be metabolized more slowly in these individuals, leading to a potential accumulation of the drug. - **Drug Interactions**: There are no significant **drug interactions** identified with alverine citrate; however, it is advisable to avoid concomitant use with other **anticholinergic agents** or medications that affect **gastrointestinal motility**, as these may interfere with the desired therapeutic effects. **Monitoring Parameters**: - **Gastrointestinal Function**: Monitor for any signs of worsening constipation or abdominal bloating, especially during long-term use. - **Adverse Effects**: Monitor for any side effects such as dizziness, dry mouth, or blurred vision, which may indicate anticholinergic effects.

Indication

Alverine citrate is primarily indicated for the relief of **irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)**, a condition characterized by symptoms such as **abdominal pain**, **bloating**, and **altered bowel movements** (diarrhea or constipation). It helps reduce **smooth muscle spasm** in the intestines, providing relief from cramping and discomfort. - **Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders**: It can also be used for other conditions that involve smooth muscle spasm or dysmotility of the intestines. - Although **not officially approved** for other uses, some off-label applications include **chronic abdominal discomfort** not related to IBS or as part of symptomatic management in patients with other conditions causing gastrointestinal spasm.

Contra indication

- **Hypersensitivity**: Alverine citrate is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to **alverine** or any of the excipients in the formulation. - **Severe Constipation**: Alverine citrate should not be used in patients with **severe constipation** or **gastrointestinal obstruction**, as the medication’s muscle-relaxant effects could worsen these conditions. - **Intestinal Perforation or Obstruction**: In patients with a history of **intestinal perforation** or **bowel obstruction**, alverine citrate should be avoided as it could exacerbate symptoms or lead to further complications.

Side Effect

- **Common Side Effects**: - **Abdominal discomfort** or mild gastrointestinal upset is common but generally resolves with continued use. - **Dizziness**, **drowsiness**, or **fatigue** may occur, particularly if combined with other central nervous system depressants or alcohol. - **Dry mouth** and **blurred vision** due to the mild **anticholinergic effect** of alverine citrate. - **Less Common Side Effects**: - **Rashes** or signs of **allergic reactions** like itching or swelling may occur in some patients. - **Headache** or **nausea** has been reported in a minority of patients. - **Constipation** or worsening of gastrointestinal symptoms may occur in some cases. - **Serious Side Effects**: Severe side effects such as **intense allergic reactions** (e.g., difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat) are rare but require immediate medical attention.

Pregnancy Category ID

0

Mode of Action

Alverine citrate is a **smooth muscle relaxant** that primarily acts by inhibiting **intestinal spasms**. It exerts its therapeutic effects through: - **Calcium Channel Blockade**: Alverine citrate inhibits **calcium influx** into smooth muscle cells, leading to relaxation of the smooth muscles of the **gastrointestinal tract**. This relaxation helps alleviate the cramping and pain associated with **irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)**. - **Anticholinergic Properties**: Although weak, alverine citrate exhibits some mild **anticholinergic effects**, which may contribute to its smooth muscle-relaxing properties by reducing involuntary muscle contractions in the bowel. - **Symptom Relief in IBS**: By reducing muscle spasms and providing smooth muscle relaxation, it helps improve symptoms such as **bloating**, **pain**, and **discomfort** in IBS patients.

Interaction

- **Anticholinergic Drugs**: Alverine citrate has mild anticholinergic properties. When used concurrently with other **anticholinergic medications**, such as **antihistamines**, **tricyclic antidepressants**, or **antimuscarinics**, the anticholinergic effects (e.g., **dry mouth**, **blurred vision**, **urinary retention**) may be potentiated. Therefore, caution is advised when using alverine citrate with such drugs. - **Medications Affecting Gastrointestinal Motility**: Caution should be exercised when alverine citrate is used with medications that alter **gastrointestinal motility**, such as **laxatives** or **antidiarrheals**, as these may counteract its intended effect. - **Alcohol**: No significant interactions are noted between alverine citrate and alcohol. However, excessive alcohol consumption may exacerbate side effects like dizziness or drowsiness, so moderation is advised.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The standard adult dose for alverine citrate is: - **1 capsule (60 mg)** taken **two to three times a day**, depending on the severity of symptoms. - The medication should be taken **with food** to minimize gastrointestinal irritation and enhance absorption. - Dosing may be adjusted based on clinical response, with the maximum recommended dose being **180 mg per day**.

Child Dose

Alverine citrate is **not recommended for use in children**, as safety and efficacy in pediatric populations have not been established. If used off-label in children, the dosing should be determined by a healthcare provider, with careful monitoring for adverse effects.

Renal Dose

There are no specific adjustments recommended for **renal impairment** with alverine citrate. However, in cases of significant renal dysfunction, **caution** is advised, as the elimination of the drug may be slower. Patients with impaired renal function should be monitored for side effects like dizziness or excessive drowsiness.

Administration

Information not available