XALKORI 250mg Price

Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Crizotinibis available in the market in concentration

Name

Somatropin

Precaution

Before initiating **somatropin** therapy, it is essential for patients to consult their healthcare provider to assess its appropriateness for their specific condition. Some important precautions include: - **Hypersensitivity**: Individuals allergic to **somatropin** or any of its components should avoid using this medication. Signs of an allergic reaction may include **rash**, **swelling**, or **difficulty breathing**. - **Pre-existing Medical Conditions**: **Somatropin** should be used cautiously in patients with a history of **diabetes**, **hypothyroidism**, or **endocrine disorders** since it can affect glucose metabolism and thyroid function. - **Cancer**: Patients with a history of **cancer**, especially those with **active tumors**, should be monitored closely while using somatropin, as it may accelerate the growth of certain cancers due to its effect on cell proliferation. - **Skeletal Maturity**: Somatropin should be avoided in patients who have achieved **skeletal maturity**, as its growth-promoting effects can lead to abnormal bone growth and joint issues. - **Pregnancy and Breastfeeding**: The safety of somatropin during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well-established. It is important for pregnant or breastfeeding women to consult a healthcare provider before starting treatment, as risks to the fetus or infant cannot be ruled out. - **Pancreatic Disorders**: Caution should be exercised in patients with **pancreatic diseases** (e.g., pancreatitis), as somatropin can alter insulin secretion, potentially worsening symptoms of these conditions.

Indication

**Somatropin** is a synthetic form of **growth hormone** used for various medical conditions, particularly those related to growth hormone deficiency. Key indications include: - **Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)**: Somatropin is primarily prescribed to treat **growth hormone deficiency** in children and adults, a condition in which the body does not produce enough growth hormone for normal growth and development. - **Turner Syndrome**: Somatropin is used in children with **Turner syndrome**, a genetic disorder that leads to short stature and other developmental abnormalities. - **Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)**: Somatropin is used in children with **chronic kidney disease** who experience **growth failure** due to their condition. - **Prader-Willi Syndrome**: This rare genetic condition can lead to growth failure and obesity. Somatropin is used to promote **growth and development** in these children. - **Idiopathic Short Stature**: In cases where no specific cause of short stature is identified, somatropin may be prescribed to promote growth in children who are significantly shorter than their peers. - **HIV-related Cachexia**: In patients with **HIV/AIDS**, somatropin may be used to treat **muscle wasting** or **cachexia** associated with the disease. - **Short Bowel Syndrome**: Somatropin is sometimes used to help patients with **short bowel syndrome** (typically following bowel resection) by improving nutrient absorption and promoting growth.

Contra indication

Somatropin is contraindicated in the following situations: - **Active Tumors**: Somatropin should not be used in patients with **active malignancies**, as it may promote the growth of certain types of tumors due to its growth-promoting effects. - **Closed Epiphyses**: Somatropin is contraindicated in patients with **closed epiphyses**, meaning that their bones have finished growing. This typically occurs after puberty, as it can lead to abnormal bone growth or joint problems. - **Severe Respiratory Problems**: Somatropin is contraindicated in patients with **severe respiratory insufficiency** or **sleep apnea** due to its potential to exacerbate respiratory complications. - **Prader-Willi Syndrome with Obesity**: In patients with **Prader-Willi syndrome**, somatropin is contraindicated if they are severely obese, as it may lead to increased **risk of breathing problems** or **sudden death**. - **Hypersensitivity**: Somatropin should not be used in patients who have a known allergy to **somatropin** or any of the excipients in the product.

Side Effect

The side effects of somatropin may vary depending on the individual, but common and severe effects include: - **Common Side Effects**: - **Injection Site Reactions**: Redness, pain, swelling, or irritation at the injection site. - **Headache**: Some patients may experience mild to moderate headaches. - **Muscle or Joint Pain**: Musculoskeletal pain or stiffness can occur, particularly in children. - **Swelling**: Swelling in the hands, feet, or other areas due to **fluid retention**. - **Nausea or Vomiting**: Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort. - **Severe Side Effects**: - **Intracranial Hypertension**: Somatropin can increase **pressure within the skull**, leading to symptoms such as severe headaches, vomiting, and vision problems. - **Carpal Tunnel Syndrome**: There is a risk of developing **carpal tunnel syndrome**, leading to numbness and tingling in the hands. - **Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)**: In children, **SCFE** (a condition in which the ball of the hip joint slips) can occur, leading to hip pain and difficulty walking. - **Diabetes or Hyperglycemia**: Somatropin can affect **glucose metabolism**, leading to an increased risk of **diabetes** or **high blood sugar**. - **Edema**: Severe **fluid retention** can lead to significant **swelling** and increase the risk of hypertension and heart problems. - **Prader-Willi Syndrome Complications**: In patients with **Prader-Willi syndrome**, there is an increased risk of **sleep apnea** and **respiratory complications**, especially in those who are obese. Patients should report any severe symptoms, such as persistent headaches, joint pain, or changes in vision, to their healthcare provider.

Pregnancy Category ID

2

Mode of Action

**Somatropin** is a synthetic form of **growth hormone** (GH) that mimics the natural hormone produced by the **pituitary gland**. It promotes growth and regulates various physiological processes by binding to **growth hormone receptors** on the surface of cells, particularly in **bone, cartilage, and muscle tissue**. - **Growth Promotion**: Somatropin stimulates **linear growth** in children by enhancing **epiphyseal growth** (growth at the ends of bones) and increasing **protein synthesis** in muscle tissues. - **Metabolic Effects**: Somatropin influences **lipid metabolism**, **glucose metabolism**, and **protein metabolism**, helping to maintain **muscle mass** and **bone density**. - **Somatomedin-C (IGF-1)**: Somatropin stimulates the liver and other tissues to produce **Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)**, which mediates many of its growth-promoting effects, including stimulating **cartilage growth** and promoting **bone formation**. - **Fat Mobilization**: It can also promote **fat breakdown** and reduce **fat accumulation**, which contributes to body composition changes, particularly in adults with growth hormone deficiencies.

Interaction

Somatropin may interact with several medications and substances, affecting its efficacy or increasing the risk of side effects. Notable interactions include: - **Corticosteroids**: **Corticosteroids** (e.g., prednisone) can reduce the effectiveness of somatropin. Patients using both drugs may require higher doses of somatropin. - **Insulin**: Somatropin may affect **glucose metabolism**, and when used alongside **insulin** or oral **hypoglycemic agents**, the dosage of insulin may need to be adjusted to avoid **hypoglycemia**. - **Thyroid Hormones**: Somatropin may interfere with **thyroid hormone levels**, so patients on thyroid medications should have their thyroid function monitored regularly. - **Cyclosporine**: This immunosuppressive medication may reduce the effectiveness of somatropin, particularly in transplant patients, and may require dosage adjustments. - **Estrogens**: High doses of **estrogen** (e.g., oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy) may alter the efficacy of somatropin and may lead to **early closure of the epiphyses**, limiting growth in children. - **Glucocorticoids**: Use of **glucocorticoids** along with somatropin may result in **growth impairment**, as glucocorticoids can inhibit the action of growth hormone.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

For adults, **somatropin** dosage depends on the condition being treated and the patient’s specific needs: - **Growth Hormone Deficiency**: Typically, somatropin is administered at a dose of **0.15 to 0.3 mg/kg/week**, usually divided into **7 daily subcutaneous injections**. The dose can be adjusted based on response and tolerance. - **Turner Syndrome and Chronic Kidney Disease**: In these cases, doses are usually in the range of **0.375 to 0.5 mg/kg/week**, given via **subcutaneous injection**. - **Adult GH Deficiency**: The initial dose is typically around **0.2-0.5 mg per day**, with adjustments based on the patient’s clinical response.

Child Dose

The dosage for children with **growth hormone deficiency**, **Turner syndrome**, or other growth-related issues is typically based on **body weight**: - **Growth Hormone Deficiency**: The standard dose is **0.18 to 0.3 mg/kg/week**, divided into **daily subcutaneous injections**. This dose may be adjusted based on the child’s response to treatment and the monitoring of growth parameters. - **Turner Syndrome**: The recommended dose is typically **0.375 to 0.5 mg/kg/week**. - **Prader-Willi Syndrome**: A starting dose of **0.24 mg/kg/week** is commonly used, with adjustments as necessary. Careful monitoring of growth, hormone levels, and adverse effects is critical for children undergoing treatment with somatropin.

Renal Dose

For patients with **renal impairment**, somatropin’s dosage may need to be adjusted based on the severity of the kidney dysfunction. In cases of **severe renal impairment**, especially **end-stage renal disease**, the dosage may need to be reduced, and close monitoring of kidney function is essential.

Administration

Information not available