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Overview

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Name

Rota Virus Live attenuated Oral Vaccine

Precaution

Before receiving the **Rotavirus Live Attenuated Oral Vaccine**, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure that the vaccine is appropriate based on the individual’s health status. The following precautions should be considered: - **Allergic Reactions**: If a child has a known **allergy** to any component of the vaccine, including **latex** (which may be present in vaccine packaging), it should not be administered. - **Immunocompromised Individuals**: Children with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing **chemotherapy** or with **HIV/AIDS**, should discuss vaccination with their healthcare provider. The vaccine may not be as effective, and in rare cases, live vaccines like rotavirus may pose risks to these individuals. - **History of Intussusception**: Children who have previously had **intussusception** (a type of bowel blockage) or have a family history of the condition should not receive this vaccine, as there is a slight increased risk of developing it after vaccination. - **Severe Acute Illness**: The vaccine should not be given to children with **severe acute illnesses**, such as **fever** or **gastrointestinal distress**, until they have recovered. - **Premature Infants**: Premature infants should be evaluated carefully by their healthcare provider to ensure that the vaccine is suitable, as premature birth may affect the vaccine’s safety or effectiveness.

Indication

The **Rotavirus Live Attenuated Oral Vaccine** is used to prevent **rotavirus infections**, which are a common cause of **gastroenteritis** in young children. The vaccine helps reduce the incidence of: - **Severe Diarrhea**: Rotavirus is a leading cause of **severe watery diarrhea** in infants and young children, which can lead to dehydration, hospitalization, and death if left untreated. - **Vomiting**: It is effective in preventing vomiting and diarrhea associated with rotavirus, which are key symptoms of **rotavirus gastroenteritis**. - **Hospitalization and Mortality**: The vaccine significantly reduces hospitalizations and fatalities due to rotavirus-induced illnesses, particularly in the first few years of life. - **Dehydration**: Preventing severe diarrhea from rotavirus also reduces the risk of **severe dehydration** which is a common complication, especially in children under 5 years.

Contra indication

The **Rotavirus Live Attenuated Oral Vaccine** should not be administered to: - **Children with Severe Allergies**: Specifically to any component of the vaccine or its packaging, including latex. - **Children with Immunodeficiencies**: This includes children with **severe immunodeficiency** disorders or those undergoing **immunosuppressive therapies**, as the vaccine may not be effective and could cause infection in these individuals. - **History of Intussusception**: The vaccine is contraindicated for children who have previously experienced **intussusception** or those with a family history of the condition. There is a **small increased risk** of intussusception associated with the vaccine. - **Severe Gastrointestinal Illness**: Children with **severe gastrointestinal illness** (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, or fever) should wait until their condition improves before receiving the vaccine.

Side Effect

Most side effects from the **Rotavirus Live Attenuated Oral Vaccine** are mild and transient. However, as with all vaccines, there is a possibility of adverse reactions: - **Common Side Effects**: - **Diarrhea**: Mild, non-severe diarrhea is the most commonly reported side effect. - **Vomiting**: Some children may experience mild vomiting after administration. - **Fever**: A low-grade fever may occur after vaccination. - **Irritability**: Some children may feel more irritable or fussy following the vaccine. - **Serious Side Effects** (rare): - **Intussusception**: Although rare, there is a slightly increased risk of developing **intussusception** (a condition where part of the intestine folds into itself) following rotavirus vaccination, particularly in the **first week** after administration. - **Severe Allergic Reactions**: Signs of a severe allergic reaction (e.g., swelling, difficulty breathing, hives) should be immediately addressed by seeking emergency medical attention. - **Blood in Stool**: If a child shows signs of blood in their stool or unusual pain, it should be reported to a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

The **Rotavirus Live Attenuated Oral Vaccine** works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against the rotavirus. The vaccine contains live, attenuated (weakened) rotavirus strains that do not cause disease in healthy individuals but are capable of stimulating an immune response. Here's how it works: - **Live, Weakened Virus**: The vaccine contains a strain of rotavirus that has been weakened so it cannot cause disease. This allows the immune system to **recognize** and **respond** to the virus without causing the full-blown infection. - **Immune Response**: The body produces **antibodies** against the rotavirus antigens present in the vaccine. These antibodies remain in the body and can fight off future rotavirus infections, thereby **preventing gastroenteritis** caused by rotavirus. - **Protection**: The vaccine provides protection by preventing rotavirus from infecting the intestines, where it would otherwise multiply and lead to **severe diarrhea**, vomiting, and dehydration.

Interaction

The **Rotavirus Live Attenuated Oral Vaccine** may interact with other vaccines or treatments: - **Other Oral Vaccines**: There are **no significant interactions** between the rotavirus vaccine and other oral vaccines such as the **oral polio vaccine (OPV)**. However, simultaneous administration of **oral vaccines** should be done cautiously. - **Immunosuppressive Drugs**: Children receiving **immunosuppressive drugs** (e.g., corticosteroids, chemotherapy) may have a reduced immune response to the vaccine, and it may not offer full protection. It's important to discuss any concurrent medication use with a healthcare provider. - **Antibiotics**: Routine use of antibiotics has not been shown to interfere with the effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccine. - **Live Vaccines**: If the vaccine is administered along with other **live vaccines**, they should be given on the same day or with a **4-week interval** between them to ensure effective immunization.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The **Rotavirus Live Attenuated Oral Vaccine** is **not recommended for adults**, as it is specifically formulated for **infants and young children**. The vaccine schedule typically involves the following dosing for infants: - **First Dose**: Given at age **2 months**. - **Second Dose**: Given at age **4 months**. - **Third Dose**: Given at age **6 months**, depending on the specific vaccine brand and the healthcare provider’s recommendations. The vaccine is typically administered as a **liquid** orally, with doses spaced **4-10 weeks apart**.

Child Dose

The **Rotavirus Live Attenuated Oral Vaccine** is administered to infants as a **3-dose series** starting at **2 months of age**. The schedule is as follows: - **First Dose**: Administered at **2 months**. - **Second Dose**: Administered at **4 months**. - **Third Dose**: Administered at **6 months** (depending on the vaccine brand). The vaccine is given **orally**, with each dose containing a small amount of the weakened rotavirus. Children who miss a dose should be brought in for the next available opportunity, although the provider may adjust the schedule based on the child's age. ---

Renal Dose

No special dose adjustments are required for **renal impairment**, as the **Rotavirus Live Attenuated Oral Vaccine** does not interact significantly with kidney function. It is considered safe for children with **mild to moderate renal dysfunction**. However, healthcare providers should evaluate the overall health status before vaccination.

Administration

Information not available