TYSABRI 150mg Price

Overview

Welcome to Dwaey, specifically on TYSABRI 150mg page.
This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Natalizumab is available in the market in concentration

Name

Riboflavin

Precaution

Before using **Riboflavin** (also known as **Vitamin B2**) as a supplement or medication, it is important for patients to consult with their healthcare provider, especially if they have any underlying health conditions. Key precautions to be aware of include: - **Allergic Reactions**: Although rare, some individuals may experience an **allergic reaction** to riboflavin, leading to symptoms like **rash**, **itching**, or **swelling**. If these occur, the supplement should be discontinued and medical advice sought. - **Pregnancy and Lactation**: Riboflavin is considered safe during pregnancy and lactation. However, pregnant women should only take riboflavin supplements if recommended by their healthcare provider to avoid excessive intake. The typical daily requirement is met through a balanced diet, and excess supplementation may be unnecessary. - **Kidney Issues**: Although riboflavin is water-soluble and excess amounts are typically excreted through urine, individuals with **severe renal impairment** should consult a healthcare provider before taking high doses of riboflavin, as it could potentially lead to accumulation or complications. - **Other Supplements and Medications**: Riboflavin supplementation may interfere with certain medications or other vitamin supplements. It is important to inform healthcare providers of all medications being taken, including over-the-counter drugs, to avoid potential interactions. - **Eye Disorders**: Riboflavin plays a role in eye health, and deficiency can lead to symptoms like **light sensitivity** and **eye fatigue**. However, it should not replace medical treatment for more serious eye conditions.

Indication

Riboflavin is primarily indicated for the prevention and treatment of riboflavin deficiency and its associated symptoms. The following are its main therapeutic uses: - **Vitamin B2 Deficiency**: Riboflavin supplementation is used to treat or prevent **riboflavin deficiency** (also known as **ariboflavinosis**), a condition that can cause symptoms like **sore throat**, **redness and swelling in the lining of the throat**, **cracks or sores on the outsides of the lips** (cheilosis), and **inflamed and cracked tongue** (glossitis). - **Migraine Prevention**: Riboflavin is sometimes used in the prevention of **migraines**, particularly for patients who experience chronic migraines. Studies suggest that high doses of riboflavin (e.g., **400 mg daily**) may help reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. - **Eye Health**: Riboflavin is vital for the maintenance of **healthy vision**, and deficiency can lead to issues such as **cataracts** or **corneal opacity**. It is sometimes used as an adjunct in the treatment of eye conditions. - **Anemia**: Riboflavin helps in the formation of **red blood cells**, and its deficiency can lead to **anemia**, which can be corrected with riboflavin supplementation. - **Peripheral Neuropathy**: It may be used as a supportive treatment in **peripheral neuropathy**, especially in conditions like **diabetes**, where riboflavin supports nerve health and function.

Contra indication

Riboflavin supplementation is generally considered safe, but there are some contraindications and considerations: - **Hypersensitivity**: Individuals who are allergic to **riboflavin** or any of the inactive ingredients in the supplement should avoid it. An allergic reaction, although rare, may lead to skin reactions like **rash**, **itching**, or **swelling**. - **Overuse in Kidney Disease**: While riboflavin is typically excreted in the urine, individuals with **severe kidney disease** or impaired renal function may need to be cautious about supplementation, as their ability to excrete excess riboflavin could be reduced. - **Excessive Doses**: Long-term use of excessive doses of riboflavin is generally not recommended. While riboflavin toxicity is uncommon because it is water-soluble and excess amounts are excreted, high doses should only be taken under medical supervision to avoid potential side effects, such as skin reactions or gastrointestinal disturbances. - **Pregnancy (Unnecessary Supplementation)**: While riboflavin is safe during pregnancy, unnecessary high-dose supplementation should be avoided unless recommended by a healthcare provider. The **recommended dietary allowance (RDA)** for pregnant women is generally sufficient, and additional supplementation is typically not required unless deficiency is diagnosed.

Side Effect

Riboflavin is generally well tolerated, and serious side effects are rare. However, patients should be aware of the following: **Common Side Effects**: - **Yellow-orange Urine**: A harmless side effect of riboflavin supplementation is that it can turn urine a **bright yellow-orange color**. This is due to the body's natural excretion of excess riboflavin and is not a cause for concern. - **Mild Gastrointestinal Upset**: Some individuals may experience **mild gastrointestinal discomfort**, including **nausea**, **stomach cramps**, or **diarrhea**, particularly when taking high doses of riboflavin. **Severe Side Effects**: - **Allergic Reactions**: Although rare, some individuals may experience a **severe allergic reaction** to riboflavin, such as swelling of the face or throat, rash, or difficulty breathing. Immediate medical attention is needed if these symptoms occur. - **Toxicity**: Excessive riboflavin intake is rare due to its water-soluble nature. However, in cases of **severe overuse** (for example, prolonged high-dose riboflavin intake), it may cause **mild skin reactions**, **headache**, or **sensitivity to light**.

Pregnancy Category ID

1

Mode of Action

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is a **water-soluble vitamin** that is crucial for several biological processes, particularly in the conversion of food into energy. Its main modes of action include: - **Coenzyme Activity**: Riboflavin is converted in the body into two active coenzymes: **flavin mononucleotide (FMN)** and **flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)**. These coenzymes are involved in critical enzymatic reactions in energy production, especially in the **citric acid cycle** (Krebs cycle), which is vital for cellular energy (ATP) generation. - **Cellular Metabolism**: Riboflavin plays a key role in the metabolism of **carbohydrates**, **proteins**, and **fats**. It helps enzymes break down nutrients and convert them into usable forms of energy. - **Antioxidant Properties**: Riboflavin acts as an **antioxidant**, helping protect cells from **oxidative stress** and supporting immune function. - **Vision Support**: Riboflavin is essential for maintaining the **health of the cornea**, and it plays a role in the **formation of visual pigments** in the retina. It helps in the maintenance of normal vision by supporting the conversion of light into nerve impulses that the brain can process.

Interaction

Riboflavin may interact with other drugs or supplements, potentially affecting their efficacy or leading to adverse effects. Some known interactions include: - **Antidepressants**: Certain medications, particularly **monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)** used in the treatment of depression, can increase the metabolism of riboflavin and may lower its effectiveness. - **Anticancer Drugs**: Riboflavin has been shown to interact with certain **chemotherapy agents**, including **methotrexate**. Riboflavin may alter the action of methotrexate and impact its ability to inhibit **folic acid metabolism**. - **Corticosteroids**: The use of **corticosteroids**, such as **prednisone**, may reduce the absorption of riboflavin from the gastrointestinal tract. - **Certain Antibiotics**: Some **antibiotics**, like **tetracyclines**, can interfere with riboflavin absorption and metabolism, reducing the effectiveness of both the antibiotic and riboflavin supplementation. - **Oral Contraceptives**: **Oral contraceptives** (birth control pills) have been shown to reduce the levels of several vitamins, including riboflavin. Women taking birth control pills may require higher levels of riboflavin.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The **recommended dietary allowance (RDA)** for riboflavin varies depending on age, sex, and life stage: - **Adult men** (19 years and older): **1.3 mg/day** - **Adult women** (19 years and older): **1.1 mg/day** - **Pregnant women**: **1.4 mg/day** - **Lactating women**: **1.6 mg/day** For individuals with a **riboflavin deficiency**, higher doses (such as **5-10 mg/day**) may be prescribed for a short period, depending on the severity of the deficiency and the underlying cause.

Child Dose

For children, the **recommended daily intake** of riboflavin varies by age: - **Infants 0-6 months**: **0.3 mg/day** - **Infants 7-12 months**: **0.4 mg/day** - **Children 1-3 years**: **0.5 mg/day** - **Children 4-8 years**: **0.6 mg/day** - **Children 9-13 years**: **0.9 mg/day** For therapeutic uses (such as for deficiencies or migraines), the appropriate dose should be determined by a healthcare provider based on the child's health status and age. As always, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using riboflavin supplementation, especially in cases of deficiency or chronic health conditions.

Renal Dose

Riboflavin is primarily excreted through the urine, and due to its **water-soluble nature**, the body typically adjusts to **renal impairment** by excreting excess amounts in urine. However, in patients with **severe kidney disease**, riboflavin supplementation should be closely monitored to avoid excess intake, as kidney function may affect its clearance.

Administration

Information not available