TREMFYA 100mg/ml Price

Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Guselkumabis available in the market in concentration

Name

Melatonin

Precaution

Before using **Melatonin**, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider, especially for individuals with underlying health conditions. Key precautions include: - **Pregnancy and Breastfeeding**: - **Melatonin** is classified as **Category C** for pregnancy, meaning that it should only be used if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. There is limited data on its safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding, so professional guidance is necessary. - **Mental Health Disorders**: - People with **mental health conditions** such as **depression** or **bipolar disorder** should exercise caution, as **Melatonin** can potentially exacerbate symptoms. It may also interact with medications used to treat mood disorders. - **Children and Adolescents**: - While **Melatonin** is sometimes used in children to help with sleep disorders, its safety and effectiveness in young children should be closely monitored. The appropriate dosage for children varies, and professional guidance is important. - **Older Adults**: - Older adults may experience more significant side effects, such as dizziness or drowsiness. Lower doses may be more suitable, and caution is needed to avoid potential falls or accidents. - **Underlying Conditions**: - People with **autoimmune disorders**, **diabetes**, or **seizure disorders** should consult a healthcare provider before using **Melatonin**, as it may interfere with certain conditions or medications used to manage them.

Indication

**Melatonin** is primarily used for managing sleep-related issues. Its therapeutic uses include: - **Insomnia**: - **Melatonin** is commonly used to treat **insomnia**, especially in cases where the insomnia is related to disrupted circadian rhythms, such as with jet lag or shift work. - **Jet Lag**: - It is particularly helpful for people traveling across time zones, as it helps to regulate the body’s internal clock and improve sleep during travel. - **Shift Work Disorder**: - For people working non-traditional hours, such as night shifts, **Melatonin** can help adjust the body’s sleep-wake cycle to make it easier to sleep during the day. - **Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder**: - People with this disorder, which causes delayed sleep onset, can benefit from **Melatonin** as it helps shift the sleep-wake cycle earlier. - **Anxiety and Depression-Related Sleep Disturbances**: - **Melatonin** may be used as an adjunct to help with sleep disturbances in individuals with anxiety or depression, though it is not a primary treatment for these conditions.

Contra indication

There are certain conditions where **Melatonin** should not be used or should be used with caution: - **Hypersensitivity**: - People who are allergic or sensitive to **Melatonin** or any of its components should avoid its use. - **Autoimmune Disorders**: - **Melatonin** may increase **autoimmune activity**. Individuals with **autoimmune conditions** such as **rheumatoid arthritis** or **lupus** should avoid or consult a healthcare provider before using it. - **Severe Liver or Kidney Disease**: - People with **severe liver** or **kidney disease** may have trouble metabolizing **Melatonin**, increasing the risk of side effects. - **Pregnancy and Breastfeeding**: - **Melatonin** is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless specifically directed by a healthcare provider due to the lack of sufficient safety data.

Side Effect

While generally well tolerated, **Melatonin** may cause a range of side effects: - **Common Side Effects**: - **Drowsiness**: **Melatonin** is sedating and may cause drowsiness during the day, which is why it should be used at bedtime. - **Headaches**: A common side effect, particularly if the dose is too high. - **Dizziness**: Some users report feeling dizzy or lightheaded after taking **Melatonin**. - **Nausea**: Mild gastrointestinal discomfort can occur, especially when taken on an empty stomach. - **Serious Side Effects**: - **Mood Changes**: Some individuals may experience **irritability**, **depression**, or **anxiety** as a result of using **Melatonin**, especially if taken for extended periods. - **Hormonal Effects**: Since **Melatonin** is a hormone, it may affect other hormone levels, potentially disrupting menstrual cycles in women or leading to changes in sexual function. - **Sleep Disruption**: While effective for some, **Melatonin** may cause **disrupted sleep** or difficulty waking up in others.

Pregnancy Category ID

0

Mode of Action

**Melatonin** is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the **pineal gland** in the brain. Its primary role is in the regulation of the **circadian rhythm** (the body’s internal clock), signaling when it is time to sleep. **Melatonin** production is stimulated by **darkness** and suppressed by **light**, helping the body synchronize with the natural day-night cycle. When taken as a supplement, **Melatonin** mimics the natural sleep-wake signal, promoting **sleep onset** and regulating the sleep-wake cycle. It is particularly effective in cases of **jet lag**, **shift work** disruptions, and **delayed sleep phase disorders**. By binding to melatonin receptors in the **brain**, particularly in the **suprachiasmatic nucleus** (SCN), it helps to **reset the body’s internal clock**, thus promoting restful sleep.

Interaction

**Melatonin** can interact with several medications, affecting their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Notable interactions include: - **Sedatives and Antianxiety Medications**: - **Melatonin** can enhance the effects of sedatives, **benzodiazepines** (e.g., **diazepam**), and **antianxiety** medications, leading to increased sedation and drowsiness. - **Antidepressants**: - Some **antidepressants**, particularly **SSRIs** (e.g., **fluoxetine**, **sertraline**), can interact with **Melatonin** and either reduce its effectiveness or increase sedation. - **Blood Thinners**: - **Melatonin** may increase the risk of bleeding, particularly when taken with **blood thinners** like **warfarin**. It is essential to consult a healthcare provider if on anticoagulant therapy. - **Anticonvulsants**: - **Melatonin** can potentially interact with **anticonvulsants**, like **phenytoin** or **valproate**, by either altering their effects or exacerbating seizures. - **Immunosuppressants**: - **Melatonin** may interfere with the action of **immunosuppressant medications**, affecting their effectiveness, especially in transplant patients or those with autoimmune conditions. - **Diabetes Medications**: - **Melatonin** may alter blood sugar levels and interfere with diabetes medications, particularly those that control insulin.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The typical adult dose of **Melatonin** varies depending on the specific condition being treated: - **Insomnia**: - **1-3 mg** taken 30 minutes to 1 hour before bedtime is the typical starting dose. Higher doses (up to **10 mg**) may be used, but they increase the risk of side effects. - **Jet Lag**: - **0.5-5 mg** taken before bedtime on the first night after arriving at the destination and for a few nights thereafter. - **Shift Work**: - **1-3 mg** 30 minutes to 1 hour before the desired sleep time, typically taken during the workday to help adjust to a new sleep schedule.

Child Dose

For **children**, the dosage of **Melatonin** is typically lower, with recommendations varying based on the child’s age and the condition being treated: - **For Sleep Disorders in Children (3 to 12 years)**: - **0.5-3 mg** taken 30 minutes to 1 hour before bedtime. It is advisable to start with the lowest possible dose and adjust based on response. - **For Children with ADHD or Autism Spectrum Disorders**: - The dose can range from **1-6 mg**, depending on the child's age and specific needs. However, it is important to use **Melatonin** under the supervision of a healthcare provider. In conclusion, **Melatonin** can be a helpful aid for managing sleep disorders, but it must be used cautiously, particularly in individuals with certain health conditions. Always consult a healthcare provider before initiating **Melatonin** supplementation to ensure it is appropriate and safe.

Renal Dose

No specific dose adjustments are required for individuals with **renal impairment**, as **Melatonin** is primarily metabolized in the liver. However, caution should be exercised, and a healthcare provider should be consulted if the patient has **severe renal dysfunction**.

Administration

Information not available