Flurbiprofen
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Generic Name of Flurbiprofen - Learn More
Flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen Precaution - What You Need to Know
Flurbiprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used primarily to relieve pain, inflammation, and fever. It should be used with caution in patients with a history of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as peptic ulcer disease, as NSAIDs are known to increase the risk of bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach or intestines. In patients with renal or hepatic impairment, the use of flurbiprofen may exacerbate renal or liver dysfunction, requiring close monitoring of kidney and liver function throughout treatment. Additionally, flurbiprofen can increase the risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke, particularly with long-term use or in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. It should also be used cautiously in elderly patients, who may be more vulnerable to side effects, especially gastrointestinal bleeding and renal impairment. Flurbiprofen should be avoided in patients who are allergic to aspirin or other NSAIDs. The medication should not be used during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, due to the potential for premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus and other complications. It can also pass into breast milk, so breastfeeding mothers should discuss its use with their healthcare provider. Long-term use should be minimized due to the risk of adverse effects like GI bleeding, ulcers, and kidney damage.
Flurbiprofen Indication - Uses and Benefits
Flurbiprofen is primarily indicated for the management of pain and inflammation associated with various conditions, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. It is also used to relieve pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal injuries, soft tissue conditions, and post-operative pain. Flurbiprofen is effective in reducing fever and can be used to alleviate the discomfort caused by fever associated with various infections. It is also indicated for the treatment of acute flare-ups of gout and other inflammatory conditions. Beyond these primary uses, flurbiprofen is occasionally used off-label for conditions such as pain related to dental procedures or minor surgery. It is also sometimes used for its anti-inflammatory properties in patients with certain types of headaches, including tension headaches. Flurbiprofen works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX), an enzyme involved in the production of prostaglandins, which are mediators of pain and inflammation. By reducing prostaglandin production, flurbiprofen provides relief from pain, inflammation, and swelling.
Flurbiprofen Contraindications - Important Warnings
Flurbiprofen is contraindicated in patients who have a known hypersensitivity to flurbiprofen, other NSAIDs, or aspirin. Patients with a history of gastrointestinal ulcers or active gastrointestinal bleeding should avoid flurbiprofen, as NSAIDs can exacerbate these conditions and increase the risk of serious GI complications, including perforation. The drug should also be avoided in patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment, as it may worsen these conditions and lead to kidney or liver failure. It is contraindicated in patients who have experienced severe allergic reactions to NSAIDs or aspirin, such as anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, or angioedema. Flurbiprofen should not be used in the third trimester of pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus, including premature closure of the ductus arteriosus. Additionally, it should not be used in breastfeeding women unless the benefits outweigh the potential risks to the infant, as flurbiprofen can pass into breast milk. Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease or those who are at high risk for cardiovascular events should avoid prolonged use of flurbiprofen, as NSAIDs can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular issues.
Flurbiprofen Side Effects - What to Expect
Flurbiprofen may cause a range of side effects, some of which can be serious:
- Common side effects: These include gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, dyspepsia, and abdominal pain. These effects can often be minimized by taking the medication with food. Headaches, dizziness, and drowsiness are also common, particularly in the initial stages of treatment.
- Serious side effects: Serious side effects include gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, and perforation, which can occur without warning and may be fatal. Kidney damage, manifested by changes in urine output, swelling, or electrolyte imbalances, can also occur, particularly with long-term use. Liver damage is another concern, with symptoms such as jaundice, dark urine, and right upper abdominal pain indicating possible liver toxicity. Cardiovascular events, including heart attack and stroke, may occur, particularly with prolonged use or in patients with pre-existing heart conditions.
- Hypersensitivity reactions: Allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, and difficulty breathing are possible. Severe reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported in rare cases.
- Other effects: Flurbiprofen can cause fluid retention, which may exacerbate conditions like hypertension or heart failure. It can also lead to skin reactions such as rashes or photosensitivity. Regular monitoring for kidney and liver function, as well as blood pressure, is recommended for patients on long-term flurbiprofen therapy.
Flurbiprofen Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information
3
Flurbiprofen Mode of Action - How It Works
Flurbiprofen works by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically COX-1 and COX-2, which are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that play a key role in promoting inflammation, pain, and fever. By blocking COX enzymes, flurbiprofen reduces the production of these inflammatory mediators, leading to decreased inflammation, pain, and fever. Flurbiprofen's anti-inflammatory effects make it effective for conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, its analgesic properties help alleviate pain from conditions such as musculoskeletal injuries and postoperative recovery. Flurbiprofen is rapidly absorbed following oral administration and has a moderate half-life, providing relief over a prolonged period. Its anti-inflammatory effects are more pronounced in conditions with significant tissue inflammation.
Flurbiprofen Drug Interactions - What to Avoid
Flurbiprofen may interact with several other medications, leading to increased risks of adverse effects or reduced efficacy:
- Anticoagulants: Concomitant use of flurbiprofen with anticoagulants, such as warfarin, increases the risk of bleeding. Regular monitoring of coagulation parameters (e.g., INR) is necessary in patients on both medications.
- Other NSAIDs or corticosteroids: The combined use of multiple NSAIDs or NSAIDs with corticosteroids increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, or perforation. Combining flurbiprofen with other NSAIDs should be avoided.
- Antihypertensives: Flurbiprofen may reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, or diuretics. Patients on these medications should be monitored for changes in blood pressure.
- Diuretics: Flurbiprofen can reduce the effectiveness of diuretics and increase the risk of kidney damage. Renal function should be closely monitored in patients using both medications.
- Lithium: Flurbiprofen may increase lithium levels, raising the risk of lithium toxicity. Monitoring lithium levels is essential when flurbiprofen is co-administered with lithium.
- Methotrexate: The combination of flurbiprofen with methotrexate can increase the toxicity of methotrexate, particularly at higher doses, increasing the risk of renal toxicity. Close monitoring is required if these drugs must be used together.
- Alcohol: Alcohol should be avoided while taking flurbiprofen due to the increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and liver toxicity.
- Food interactions: Taking flurbiprofen with food may reduce its gastrointestinal side effects, but it may also delay the onset of action. It is generally recommended to take flurbiprofen with food to reduce stomach irritation.
Flurbiprofen Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage
For the management of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other inflammatory conditions, the typical dose of flurbiprofen is 200 mg to 300 mg per day, divided into 2-3 doses. The maximum recommended daily dose is 300 mg. For acute pain or musculoskeletal pain, a dose of 200 mg to 400 mg per day may be required, depending on the severity of the pain, with the dose typically divided into two or three doses throughout the day. Flurbiprofen should be taken with food or milk to reduce gastrointestinal irritation. Dosing should be individualized based on the patient's response to treatment and tolerance to the medication, and the lowest effective dose should be used to minimize side effects. For chronic conditions, the duration of therapy should be regularly evaluated to minimize the risk of long-term side effects.
Flurbiprofen Child Dose - Dosage for Children
Flurbiprofen is generally not recommended for use in children under 12 years of age due to a lack of safety and efficacy data. In exceptional cases where treatment with flurbiprofen is considered necessary, the pediatric dose must be carefully adjusted, and the child should be monitored for potential side effects. The dosage in children, if prescribed, is usually based on weight and adjusted according to the severity of the condition being treated. It is crucial to ensure that the child does not exceed the maximum recommended dose to avoid complications such as gastrointestinal or renal issues. Alternative medications may be preferred for managing pain and inflammation in pediatric patients.
Flurbiprofen Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions
In patients with renal impairment, flurbiprofen should be used with caution, as it can reduce renal blood flow and exacerbate kidney dysfunction. For patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥30 mL/min), the normal dosing regimen may be used, but close monitoring of renal function is recommended. For patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), flurbiprofen is generally contraindicated, as the drug may accumulate in the body, leading to an increased risk of adverse renal effects. If renal function deteriorates during therapy, discontinuation of the drug should be considered.
