Dextrose 10%

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Generic Name of Dextrose 10% - Learn More

Dextrose 10%

Dextrose 10% Precaution - What You Need to Know

Dextrose 10% is a hypertonic solution commonly used for fluid and calorie replacement in patients with hypoglycemia, dehydration, or malnutrition. While generally considered safe when administered properly, there are certain precautions to be aware of. Patients with diabetes, particularly those with poorly controlled blood sugar levels, should be monitored closely when receiving dextrose, as it can lead to hyperglycemia. Blood glucose levels should be checked regularly to avoid complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, especially in patients with diabetes type 1.

Patients with conditions like kidney disease or heart failure may also require cautious use of dextrose, as excessive fluid administration can exacerbate fluid retention, resulting in edema or increased blood pressure. In these cases, fluid volume should be carefully controlled, and renal function should be monitored.

Dextrose 10% should be used cautiously in neonates and infants, as they are more susceptible to rapid changes in blood glucose levels, which could lead to hyperglycemia or osmotic diuresis. Regular monitoring of blood glucose and electrolytes is necessary for these patients.

Dextrose 10% Indication - Uses and Benefits

Dextrose 10% is primarily used for parenteral nutrition, fluid replenishment, and glucose supplementation in patients who cannot consume or absorb oral nutrients. It is commonly administered intravenously to patients with severe hypoglycemia, dehydration, or to provide supplemental calories when oral or enteral feeding is not possible. It is often used in hospitals for patients recovering from surgery or those unable to ingest food or liquids due to illness.

In emergency situations, dextrose 10% is used to treat hypoglycemia in patients who are unable to take oral glucose, such as those who are unconscious or unable to swallow. The infusion of dextrose provides a rapid increase in blood glucose levels and can reverse hypoglycemia quickly.

Additionally, dextrose 10% is used in certain conditions such as chronic malnutrition, where it helps to replenish glucose stores, support metabolic needs, and provide energy for tissues and organs.

Dextrose 10% Contraindications - Important Warnings

Dextrose 10% should be avoided in patients with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to dextrose or any other component of the solution. It should also be contraindicated in patients with hyperglycemia or uncontrolled diabetes, as the infusion of dextrose may worsen these conditions, leading to potential complications like diabetic ketoacidosis, osmotic diuresis, or other metabolic disturbances.

It is contraindicated in patients with fluid and electrolyte imbalances or those with severe dehydration where fluid resuscitation should be performed with isotonic fluids instead. Dextrose 10% is hypertonic, and its use can lead to dehydration or electrolyte imbalances, particularly in patients with renal or cardiovascular conditions.

In neonates and infants, especially those with immature renal function or low glucose tolerance, the use of dextrose 10% should be carefully controlled, and blood glucose levels must be frequently monitored to avoid hyperglycemia and its associated complications.

Dextrose 10% Side Effects - What to Expect

Common side effects of dextrose 10% are generally related to fluid and glucose imbalance. When administered too quickly or in excessive amounts, dextrose 10% can lead to hyperglycemia, which may cause symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, and increased hunger. In patients with diabetes, uncontrolled hyperglycemia can also lead to more severe complications like diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS).

Infusion of dextrose 10% can also cause fluid overload, leading to edema, increased blood pressure, and potential heart failure in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. The hypertonic nature of the solution can irritate veins, causing phlebitis, especially with prolonged or rapid infusion.

In some patients, especially neonates and infants, the rapid infusion of dextrose solutions can lead to osmotic diuresis, dehydration, and electrolyte disturbances. Therefore, close monitoring of fluid balance and electrolytes is essential when using dextrose 10% in these populations.

Severe side effects like hyperglycemia-related complications or fluid retention require immediate intervention, such as dose adjustment or discontinuation of the infusion.

Dextrose 10% Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information

3

Dextrose 10% Mode of Action - How It Works

Dextrose 10% works by providing an immediate source of glucose, which is the body’s primary energy substrate. Glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream after intravenous administration and transported to tissues throughout the body, where it can be utilized for energy production via cellular metabolism. This results in the restoration of glucose levels, particularly in cases of hypoglycemia.

In the bloodstream, dextrose increases plasma osmolarity, which helps to improve circulation in cases of dehydration and may draw fluids into the vascular space, thus increasing blood volume. The osmotic effect of dextrose also provides hydration to the body, though it is primarily used for providing energy. As glucose is utilized by cells, it is converted to ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which fuels various cellular processes.

The hypertonic nature of dextrose 10% allows for its role in fluid resuscitation, especially in patients who require a more concentrated solution of glucose for metabolic needs. However, because it is hypertonic, dextrose 10% must be administered with care, especially in patients with fluid retention or electrolyte imbalances.

Dextrose 10% Drug Interactions - What to Avoid

Dextrose 10% can interact with several drugs, particularly those affecting glucose metabolism. Insulin therapy should be carefully adjusted in patients receiving dextrose solutions to avoid hyperglycemia, especially in patients with diabetes or insulin resistance. The infusion of dextrose can also increase blood glucose levels in patients on oral hypoglycemic agents, and their dosages may need to be adjusted.

Additionally, drugs that alter fluid and electrolyte balance, such as diuretics, can interact with dextrose solutions. Patients receiving diuretics should be monitored for fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances, especially with rapid administration of dextrose solutions.

Care should be taken when dextrose 10% is administered with corticosteroids, as these drugs can also increase blood glucose levels, increasing the risk of hyperglycemia. Similarly, in patients receiving catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), the effects of dextrose may be potentiated, leading to an increased risk of hyperglycemia.

Dextrose 10% Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage

The typical adult dose of dextrose 10% is dependent on the clinical situation and the patient’s needs. For hypoglycemia, a 25-50 mL bolus of dextrose 10% may be administered intravenously, followed by additional doses as needed based on blood glucose levels. The infusion rate should be carefully controlled, typically at 50-100 mL per hour, to avoid rapid fluctuations in blood glucose levels.

For fluid resuscitation or to provide supplemental calories, dextrose 10% may be administered intravenously at varying rates, depending on the patient's condition and clinical requirements. In patients with moderate dehydration or calorie deficits, dextrose 10% may be infused at 100-200 mL per hour. However, the infusion rate must be individualized and monitored to prevent fluid overload or hyperglycemia.

Dextrose 10% Child Dose - Dosage for Children

For pediatric patients, the dosing of dextrose 10% depends on the age, weight, and clinical condition of the child. In neonates and infants, dextrose 10% is typically used cautiously and in controlled doses to manage hypoglycemia or provide fluid support. A typical starting dose may be 2-5 mL/kg of body weight, infused slowly over a period of 30-60 minutes, with careful monitoring of blood glucose levels. Blood glucose should be checked regularly to avoid hyperglycemia.

In children, the dose of dextrose 10% may be adjusted based on their clinical condition and the specific indication for use. As with adults, the infusion rate should be controlled, and pediatric patients should be closely monitored for signs of hyperglycemia, fluid overload, or electrolyte imbalances.

Dextrose 10% Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions

In patients with renal impairment, the administration of dextrose 10% should be closely monitored to avoid complications like fluid overload, electrolyte disturbances, or worsening renal function. Since dextrose is a hypertonic solution, the infusion of large volumes may increase the workload on the kidneys, particularly in those with pre-existing kidney disease. Renal function should be assessed regularly, and adjustments in the infusion rate or volume may be necessary.

In cases of severe renal dysfunction, it may be necessary to use lower volumes or adjust the infusion rate of dextrose 10%. For patients on dialysis, careful monitoring of fluid balance and blood glucose levels is crucial, as these patients may have impaired glucose utilization.