Calcitriol

Welcome to Dwaey, specifically on Calcitriol page.
This medicine contains important and useful components, as it consists of
Calcitriol is available in the market in concentration.

Generic Name of Calcitriol - Learn More

Calcitriol

Calcitriol Precaution - What You Need to Know

Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, is used to manage conditions such as hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease, and osteoporosis. However, it should be used with caution in individuals with a history of hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, or vitamin D toxicity, as excessive calcium and phosphate levels can lead to severe complications like kidney stones, vascular calcification, and renal failure. In patients with pre-existing kidney diseases, monitoring of serum calcium and phosphate levels is crucial, as they may be at increased risk of developing these imbalances. In elderly patients or those with frail health, there should be careful dosing and close monitoring for signs of excessive calcium buildup (hypercalcemia), as they are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare provider before starting calcitriol, as high doses of vitamin D can potentially cause harm to the fetus or infant. Calcitriol should also be used with caution in patients with a history of heart disease, as elevated calcium levels can affect cardiac function. Additionally, patients with granulomatous diseases, such as sarcoidosis, should be closely monitored, as they are at higher risk for excessive conversion of vitamin D into its active form, leading to hypercalcemia.

Calcitriol Indication - Uses and Benefits

Calcitriol is primarily indicated for the treatment of conditions involving low calcium levels, such as hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic kidney disease, and vitamin D-dependent rickets. It is used to normalize calcium and phosphate metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease who are undergoing dialysis, as these patients are often unable to convert vitamin D into its active form due to impaired renal function. Calcitriol is also prescribed for osteoporosis to improve bone health by enhancing calcium absorption from the gut and promoting proper mineralization of bone. In certain cases, calcitriol may be used in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism or pseudohypoparathyroidism, where there is an insufficient response to parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium supplementation is needed. Off-label uses of calcitriol include its use in the management of certain skin conditions, such as psoriasis, where it can help to regulate the growth of skin cells by influencing calcium metabolism. The evidence supporting the use of calcitriol in these conditions is limited, but it may provide additional benefit in specific therapeutic contexts.

Calcitriol Contraindications - Important Warnings

Calcitriol is contraindicated in patients with hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, or any condition that predisposes them to these imbalances, as it may exacerbate the situation by increasing serum calcium levels. It is also contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to calcitriol or any of the excipients in the formulation. Patients with active vitamin D toxicity should not use calcitriol, as they may experience elevated calcium levels leading to adverse effects. In patients with untreated or poorly controlled renal disease, particularly those who are not receiving dialysis, calcitriol should be avoided, as it can worsen hypercalcemia and cause kidney damage. The drug is also contraindicated in individuals with high serum calcium or phosphate levels due to the risk of precipitating calcium phosphate crystals in the kidneys or soft tissues. Calcitriol should not be used in individuals with a history of hyperparathyroidism without careful monitoring of serum calcium and phosphate levels.

Calcitriol Side Effects - What to Expect

Common side effects of calcitriol include mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea, vomiting, or constipation. These effects are generally short-lived and resolve with continued use of the medication. More serious side effects are related to the potential for hypercalcemia, which can manifest as excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, confusion, loss of appetite, nausea, and muscle weakness. Hypercalcemia can lead to more severe complications like kidney stones, calcification of soft tissues, or arrhythmias. Patients should be closely monitored for these symptoms, particularly at the start of treatment or when adjusting doses. In rare cases, calcitriol can lead to elevated serum phosphate levels, which may increase the risk of vascular calcification or cardiovascular complications. Prolonged use of calcitriol at high doses may also contribute to bone demineralization or osteoporosis if calcium or phosphate levels are not properly regulated. If any signs of hypercalcemia or other adverse effects occur, the medication should be discontinued, and the patient should seek medical attention promptly.

Calcitriol Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information

3

Calcitriol Mode of Action - How It Works

Calcitriol exerts its effects by binding to vitamin D receptors in target tissues, particularly in the intestines, kidneys, and bones. This binding activates the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and triggers gene expression that increases calcium and phosphate absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, enhances renal reabsorption of calcium, and promotes bone mineralization. In the kidneys, calcitriol also plays a role in regulating the synthesis of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which in turn helps to control the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood. Calcitriol increases the expression of calcium-binding proteins and transporters in the intestinal mucosa, leading to enhanced calcium absorption from the diet. This is particularly important in conditions where calcium absorption is impaired, such as chronic kidney disease. Additionally, calcitriol influences the osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone, enhancing bone mineralization and regulating calcium balance. The drug also reduces the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to elevated calcium levels, providing further regulation of calcium homeostasis. Calcitriol's actions at the molecular level make it crucial for maintaining healthy bones, regulating calcium metabolism, and preventing complications of calcium imbalances.

Calcitriol Drug Interactions - What to Avoid

Several drug interactions can affect the efficacy or safety of calcitriol. When combined with thiazide diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide), there is an increased risk of hypercalcemia, as thiazides reduce calcium excretion in the urine. Concomitant use of calcitriol with corticosteroids (such as prednisone) can reduce calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, potentially diminishing the effectiveness of calcitriol. Additionally, anticonvulsant drugs (e.g., phenytoin, phenobarbital) can accelerate the metabolism of calcitriol, potentially reducing its effectiveness. Patients using digoxin should be monitored closely, as hypercalcemia induced by calcitriol can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. Calcitriol can also interact with phosphate binders, which may alter the levels of calcium and phosphate in the body. There is also a risk of an interaction with other calcium supplements, which can lead to calcium overload and hypercalcemia. Foods rich in calcium, such as dairy products or calcium-fortified foods, should be consumed in moderation to avoid excessive calcium intake. It is advisable for patients to inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking to prevent dangerous interactions.

Calcitriol Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage

The typical starting dose for adults with hypocalcemia or secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease is 0.25 mcg to 0.5 mcg of calcitriol daily. This dose can be adjusted depending on the patient's calcium levels, with the goal of achieving normal calcium and phosphate levels. For patients undergoing dialysis, the dose may need to be increased to 1 mcg per day, although this is typically monitored closely to avoid hypercalcemia. For the management of osteoporosis or vitamin D deficiency, calcitriol is often administered in doses ranging from 0.25 mcg to 1 mcg daily, depending on the patient’s individual needs. In cases of hypoparathyroidism or vitamin D-dependent rickets, the dosing may be higher, with adjustments made based on serum calcium and phosphate monitoring. The dose should be titrated carefully to prevent hypercalcemia and its associated complications. For individuals with renal impairment, starting doses should be on the lower end of the spectrum to avoid the risk of calcium buildup.

Calcitriol Child Dose - Dosage for Children

The use of calcitriol in children is generally prescribed for conditions such as rickets, hypocalcemia, or hypoparathyroidism. Dosing in pediatric patients is typically based on age, weight, and the severity of the condition. The usual starting dose for children is 0.01 to 0.03 mcg/kg/day, although this may vary depending on the condition being treated. For children with vitamin D-dependent rickets or hypoparathyroidism, higher doses may be required. It is crucial to monitor serum calcium and phosphate levels frequently in children receiving calcitriol to ensure that the treatment is effective and does not cause hypercalcemia. Pediatric dosing should be closely monitored by a healthcare provider to adjust the dosage as needed based on individual responses to therapy. The medication should be administered under careful medical supervision, especially in infants and younger children, as they are more susceptible to vitamin D toxicity and calcium imbalances.

Calcitriol Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions

In patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly those with renal failure or on dialysis, the dosing of calcitriol needs to be adjusted carefully. Calcitriol is metabolized by the kidneys, so renal dysfunction can result in decreased clearance of the drug and an increased risk of hypercalcemia. For individuals with moderate to severe renal impairment, the starting dose of calcitriol should typically be lower, starting at 0.25 mcg per day. In patients undergoing dialysis, the dose may need to be increased to maintain adequate calcium levels, but regular monitoring of calcium and phosphate levels is essential to avoid complications. As renal function declines further, adjustments should be made based on the patient’s calcium and phosphorus status. Monitoring for signs of hypercalcemia is particularly important in this population, and calcitriol should be discontinued if calcium levels rise significantly.