Ketoprofen

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Generic Name of Ketoprofen - Learn More

Ketoprofen

Ketoprofen Precaution - What You Need to Know

Before using Ketoprofen, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider due to the following precautions:

- Gastrointestinal (GI) Risk: Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and can increase the risk of gastric ulcers, bleeding, and perforation. This risk is higher in individuals with a history of GI disorders, such as gastritis or peptic ulcer disease. Patients should be monitored closely for signs of GI bleeding, including stomach pain, vomiting blood, or black stools.
- Cardiovascular Risk: Long-term use of Ketoprofen has been linked to an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and hypertension. It should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, such as high blood pressure, heart failure, or those with a history of heart attacks or stroke.
- Kidney Function: Ketoprofen may cause kidney damage or acute renal failure, particularly in individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions. Monitoring of renal function is recommended during prolonged therapy.
- Liver Function: Ketoprofen should be used cautiously in patients with liver disease, as it is metabolized in the liver. Liver function should be monitored during prolonged use to avoid hepatotoxicity.
- Asthma and Allergies: Ketoprofen can cause bronchospasm or an allergic reaction in individuals with asthma, rhinitis, or a history of allergic reactions to NSAIDs. Patients with such conditions should avoid Ketoprofen.
- Pregnancy: Ketoprofen is contraindicated in the third trimester of pregnancy due to the risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus. It should be used during the first and second trimesters only if the benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
- Elderly Patients: Older adults may be at a higher risk for adverse effects, particularly in terms of renal and cardiovascular health. Close monitoring is advised when using Ketoprofen in the elderly.

Ketoprofen Indication - Uses and Benefits

Ketoprofen is used for the following therapeutic indications:

- Pain Relief: Ketoprofen is commonly prescribed to relieve mild to moderate pain, such as headaches, dental pain, muscle pain, and post-surgical pain.
- Inflammation: It is used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain in conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. It helps improve joint mobility and pain management in these chronic inflammatory conditions.
- Menstrual Pain: Ketoprofen is also prescribed for dysmenorrhea, which refers to painful menstruation, offering relief from abdominal cramps and discomfort.
- Post-operative Pain: After surgical procedures, especially orthopedic surgeries, Ketoprofen is used to reduce inflammation and provide pain relief.
- Musculoskeletal Conditions: It is effective for the management of conditions like muscle strains, sprains, and other soft tissue injuries.

Ketoprofen Contraindications - Important Warnings

Ketoprofen should not be used in the following situations:

- Hypersensitivity: Ketoprofen is contraindicated in individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to Ketoprofen or other NSAIDs. An allergic reaction could result in urticaria, angioedema, or anaphylaxis.
- Active Gastrointestinal Disorders: Ketoprofen should not be used in patients with active peptic ulcers, GI bleeding, or a history of GI perforation. Its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis may exacerbate these conditions.
- Severe Renal or Hepatic Impairment: Patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment should avoid Ketoprofen, as its metabolism and elimination are primarily dependent on the liver and kidneys.
- Asthma: Ketoprofen is contraindicated in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma or those with a history of bronchospasm induced by NSAIDs or aspirin.
- Third Trimester of Pregnancy: Ketoprofen should not be used in the third trimester of pregnancy due to the risk of adverse effects on fetal development, specifically the premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.

Ketoprofen Side Effects - What to Expect

Common and severe side effects associated with Ketoprofen include:

- Gastrointestinal Issues: The most common side effects are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and diarrhea. In rare cases, GI bleeding or ulceration may occur.
- Cardiovascular Effects: Ketoprofen can increase blood pressure and may cause edema or fluid retention. In some cases, it may lead to heart failure or exacerbate existing cardiovascular disease.
- Kidney Effects: Prolonged use of Ketoprofen may lead to acute renal failure, kidney damage, or nephritis. Signs of kidney dysfunction, such as swelling, reduced urine output, or fatigue, should be promptly reported.
- Central Nervous System: Ketoprofen can cause dizziness, headaches, and drowsiness in some patients, which may impair the ability to perform tasks requiring concentration.
- Allergic Reactions: Rare but serious allergic reactions to Ketoprofen can include rash, urticaria, angioedema, or anaphylaxis. Any signs of an allergic reaction require immediate medical attention.
- Liver Effects: Prolonged use of Ketoprofen may lead to liver damage, indicated by symptoms such as yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, or upper abdominal pain.
- Hematologic Effects: Rarely, Ketoprofen may cause anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia, with symptoms like unusual bruising or bleeding.

Ketoprofen Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information

2

Ketoprofen Mode of Action - How It Works

Ketoprofen works by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2, which play a crucial role in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that mediate the inflammatory response, pain, and fever. By inhibiting these enzymes, Ketoprofen:

- Reduces pain and inflammation by decreasing the production of prostaglandins at the site of injury or inflammation.
- Lowers fever by affecting the hypothalamus, the part of the brain responsible for regulating body temperature.
- COX-1 inhibition may reduce gastroprotective prostaglandins, leading to the potential for GI side effects, including ulcers or bleeding.
- COX-2 inhibition is primarily responsible for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Ketoprofen.

Ketoprofen Drug Interactions - What to Avoid

Ketoprofen may interact with several drugs, potentially affecting its efficacy or safety:

- Other NSAIDs or Aspirin: Taking Ketoprofen with other NSAIDs or aspirin increases the risk of gastric ulcers and bleeding. These drugs should generally not be combined.
- Anticoagulants (Warfarin): Ketoprofen can enhance the anticoagulant effects of warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. Prothrombin time should be closely monitored if both medications are used together.
- Antihypertensive Medications: Ketoprofen may reduce the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and diuretics, leading to elevated blood pressure. Caution should be taken when combining Ketoprofen with these drugs, and blood pressure monitoring is advised.
- Lithium: Ketoprofen can increase lithium levels, potentially leading to lithium toxicity. Lithium levels should be monitored closely if used in conjunction with Ketoprofen.
- Methotrexate: The combination of Ketoprofen with methotrexate may increase the risk of methotrexate toxicity, particularly renal toxicity. Methotrexate levels should be monitored when co-administered with Ketoprofen.
- Diuretics: Ketoprofen can reduce the effectiveness of diuretics by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which can impair renal function. Patients on diuretics should be monitored closely when using Ketoprofen.

Ketoprofen Pregnancy Category Note - Key Information

Pregnancy Category: B; D in 3rd trimester or near delivery.

Ketoprofen Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage

The recommended doses of Ketoprofen depend on the therapeutic indication:

- Pain and Inflammation: The typical oral dose for Ketoprofen is 50-75 mg every 6-8 hours, with a maximum daily dose of 300 mg.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis/Osteoarthritis: The usual dose for Ketoprofen is 100-200 mg per day, divided into 2 or 3 doses.
- Dysmenorrhea (Menstrual Pain): Ketoprofen is typically given at a dose of 50-100 mg every 6-8 hours, with a maximum daily dose of 300 mg.
- Topical Formulation: For topical use, the gel or cream is typically applied to the affected area 2-3 times daily, with a recommended amount of 2-4 grams per application.

Ketoprofen Child Dose - Dosage for Children

For children, Ketoprofen is used cautiously and should be dosed based on weight and age:

- Pediatric Dose (Oral): The typical dose for children over the age of 6 years is 1-2 mg/kg per day, divided into 2-3 doses, with a maximum dose of 100 mg/day.
- Topical Dose: For children, topical formulations should be used as directed by a healthcare provider, typically applying 2-4 grams of the gel or cream to the affected area up to 3 times daily.

Always consult a healthcare provider for the most appropriate dosage and monitoring recommendations.

Ketoprofen Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions

In patients with renal impairment, the dose of Ketoprofen should be adjusted:

- In mild to moderate renal impairment, the usual dose can be used, but close monitoring of renal function is recommended.
- In patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min), Ketoprofen should be used with caution or avoided, as the drug may accumulate and increase the risk of kidney damage.