Daclizumab

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Generic Name of Daclizumab - Learn More

Daclizumab

Daclizumab Precaution - What You Need to Know

Before starting Daclizumab, it is essential to be aware of several precautions to ensure safety:
- Infections: Daclizumab can increase the risk of infections due to its immunosuppressive action. Patients should be carefully monitored for any signs of infection, such as fever, chills, cough, or pain during urination. It is important to rule out any existing infections before initiating treatment.
- Autoimmune Disease: Patients with pre-existing autoimmune disorders should be monitored closely. Daclizumab can potentially exacerbate autoimmune conditions or cause new-onset autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis or nephritis.
- Liver Function: Liver toxicity, including severe hepatitis and liver failure, has been reported with Daclizumab use. Baseline liver function tests should be performed before starting treatment, and liver function should be monitored regularly throughout therapy.
- Hypersensitivity Reactions: Serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, can occur. Patients should be monitored for signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face and throat.
- Vaccination: Live vaccines should not be given during Daclizumab therapy as the drug may impair the immune response. It is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before receiving any vaccinations during or after treatment.

Daclizumab Indication - Uses and Benefits

Daclizumab is primarily indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is specifically used to reduce the frequency of disease flare-ups and slow down the progression of physical disability in patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
Daclizumab works by selectively binding to and blocking the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor alpha chain (CD25) on activated T cells, which plays a crucial role in the inflammatory process in MS. The primary indications for Daclizumab are:
- Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: It is used in patients who are inadequately responding to other therapies or for those who have failed previous treatments.
- Patients with highly active disease: Those who have frequent flare-ups despite treatment with other disease-modifying therapies may benefit from Daclizumab.

Daclizumab Contraindications - Important Warnings

Daclizumab should not be used in the following situations:
- Hypersensitivity: Patients with a known hypersensitivity to Daclizumab or any component of the formulation should avoid this treatment. A history of anaphylactic reactions to the drug is a clear contraindication.
- Liver Disease: Daclizumab is contraindicated in patients with severe liver impairment or active liver disease, particularly in cases of hepatitis. Liver toxicity is a known risk with this medication.
- Active Infection: In patients with an active systemic infection, Daclizumab should not be used, as it may exacerbate the infection or hinder the body's immune response.
- Pregnancy and Lactation: Daclizumab is contraindicated in pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should consult their healthcare provider. It is also not recommended during breastfeeding.

Daclizumab Side Effects - What to Expect

Common side effects of Daclizumab include:
- Infections: As an immunosuppressant, Daclizumab can increase the risk of infections, including upper respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and herpes virus reactivation.
- Hepatic Events: Liver toxicity, including hepatitis and elevated liver enzymes, is a significant concern. Regular monitoring of liver function is required.
- Skin Reactions: Rashes and other skin reactions, including itching, can occur. In rare cases, patients may experience severe skin reactions.
- Headache: Many patients report headaches, which may be associated with the medication or other underlying conditions.
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Some individuals may experience nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
- Serious Side Effects: Although rare, serious side effects such as anaphylaxis, severe liver failure, and autoimmune diseases (e.g., autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune nephritis) have been reported. Any signs of a severe allergic reaction (e.g., difficulty breathing, facial swelling) require immediate medical attention.

Daclizumab Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information

3

Daclizumab Mode of Action - How It Works

Daclizumab is a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor (CD25), which is found on the surface of activated T cells. By binding to CD25, Daclizumab inhibits the interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling pathway, which is involved in the activation and proliferation of T cells. This mechanism reduces the activation of T cells, which are key drivers of the inflammatory process in multiple sclerosis. As a result, the inflammation and damage to nerve fibers in the central nervous system (CNS) are reduced, helping to prevent disease progression and flare-ups in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.

Daclizumab Drug Interactions - What to Avoid

Several drugs and substances can interact with Daclizumab, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects:
- Immunosuppressive Agents: The concomitant use of Daclizumab with other immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., azathioprine, cyclophosphamide) can increase the risk of infections and other complications. Close monitoring is required when these drugs are used together.
- Live Vaccines: Live vaccines (e.g., measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, or yellow fever vaccine) should not be administered during treatment with Daclizumab, as it can reduce the body's immune response to the vaccine, potentially rendering it ineffective.
- Other MS Medications: Caution is advised when combining Daclizumab with other disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis, as the immunosuppressive effects may be amplified, raising the risk of infections or side effects.
- Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Interactions: Daclizumab does not significantly affect the CYP450 enzymes (involved in drug metabolism), which is an advantage in reducing the potential for drug-drug interactions. However, any changes in other medications' metabolism should be discussed with the healthcare provider.

Daclizumab Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage

The recommended dose of Daclizumab for adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis is:
- 150 mg administered once a month via subcutaneous injection.
The first dose may be administered under the supervision of a healthcare provider to monitor for allergic reactions. Treatment should continue for as long as the patient responds well to the drug and does not experience severe side effects. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosing schedule and regularly monitor liver function and any potential adverse effects.

Daclizumab Child Dose - Dosage for Children

The safety and efficacy of Daclizumab in pediatric patients (under 18 years) have not been established for multiple sclerosis. Therefore, Daclizumab is not recommended for use in children. The medication is indicated for adult patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Children requiring treatment for MS or other conditions should be managed with appropriate therapies tailored to their age and specific needs.

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Important Note:
It is critical for patients to consult their healthcare provider before beginning Daclizumab treatment, especially if they have underlying medical conditions, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or are taking other medications. Regular monitoring is required throughout therapy to manage risks effectively and ensure the best possible outcomes.

Daclizumab Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions

Daclizumab does not require specific dosage adjustments in patients with renal impairment. However, since the medication is immunosuppressive, it is essential to monitor kidney function regularly. In patients with severe renal impairment or kidney disease, the healthcare provider should assess whether the risks outweigh the benefits of continued therapy.