Tigecycline

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Generic Name of Tigecycline - Learn More

Tigecycline

Tigecycline Precaution - What You Need to Know

Before using Tigecycline, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure that the drug is appropriate for the patient’s condition. Several precautions should be considered:

- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Tigecycline is classified as a pregnancy category C drug, which means its safety during pregnancy has not been established. It should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not recommended for use in breastfeeding mothers because it may be excreted in breast milk.
- Renal and Hepatic Impairment: Patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment may need dose adjustments, as Tigecycline is metabolized by the liver. Those with hepatic dysfunction should use it with caution. Monitoring liver function is important during treatment.
- Allergic Reactions: Patients with a known allergy to tetracyclines or any component of the formulation should avoid using Tigecycline to prevent potential allergic reactions, which may include rash, difficulty breathing, or swelling.
- Superinfection: Prolonged use of Tigecycline can result in secondary infections, including yeast infections or Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. It is important to monitor for signs of new infections during and after treatment.
- Dental Concerns: As with other tetracyclines, Tigecycline may cause tooth discoloration if used in young children, and its use is not recommended in children under 8 years old.

Tigecycline Indication - Uses and Benefits

Tigecycline is an antibiotic used for the treatment of various bacterial infections, particularly in cases where other antibiotics may not be effective:

- Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Tigecycline is indicated for treating complex infections involving the abdomen, such as peritonitis and complicated appendicitis.
- Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: It is used to treat severe skin and soft tissue infections, including those caused by multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs).
- Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP): Tigecycline is an option for treating community-acquired pneumonia, particularly when caused by resistant organisms.
- Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): It is used in some cases of complex urinary tract infections, particularly when caused by resistant bacteria.
- Resistant Bacterial Infections: Tigecycline is effective against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, making it useful in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).

Tigecycline Contraindications - Important Warnings

Tigecycline is contraindicated in certain conditions due to potential risks:

- Hypersensitivity: Patients who have a known allergy to tigecycline or any other tetracycline antibiotics should avoid its use to prevent allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, rash, or difficulty breathing.
- Severe Hepatic Impairment: Due to its liver metabolism, Tigecycline should not be used in patients with severe hepatic impairment, as it may increase the risk of adverse effects due to slower drug clearance.
- Pregnancy: Tigecycline is contraindicated during pregnancy, particularly in the second and third trimesters, as it may affect bone development and cause tooth discoloration in the fetus.
- Children Under 8 Years Old: Tigecycline should not be used in children under 8 years old, due to the risk of permanent tooth discoloration and impaired bone growth, as is the case with other tetracycline-class antibiotics.

Tigecycline Side Effects - What to Expect

Like all antibiotics, Tigecycline can cause side effects, some of which may require medical attention:

- Common Side Effects:
- Nausea and Vomiting: These gastrointestinal side effects are common, especially when the drug is taken orally, and can sometimes lead to dehydration.
- Diarrhea: Tigecycline can disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to diarrhea, which may sometimes be a sign of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (C. difficile).
- Headache: Some patients experience headaches, which can vary in intensity.
- Injection Site Reactions: For intravenous (IV) administration, pain, swelling, or inflammation at the injection site may occur.

- Severe Side Effects:
- Liver Toxicity: Though rare, liver damage or hepatotoxicity can occur, especially in patients with preexisting liver issues. Symptoms may include jaundice, dark urine, and abdominal pain.
- Anaphylaxis: Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, can occur in sensitive individuals, presenting as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and a rash.
- Teeth and Bone Effects: Tigecycline, like other tetracyclines, can cause tooth discoloration and impaired bone development in children, which is a reason for its contraindication in children under 8 years old.
- Pancreatitis: In rare cases, pancreatitis may develop, causing severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

If any severe side effects occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.

Tigecycline Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information

4

Tigecycline Mode of Action - How It Works

Tigecycline is a glycylcycline antibiotic, structurally related to tetracyclines, that works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, preventing the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome. This inhibition prevents the formation of proteins essential for bacterial growth and survival.

- Broad Spectrum of Activity: Tigecycline is effective against a wide range of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, including multidrug-resistant organisms like MRSA and VRE. It also works against some atypical pathogens, such as Legionella and Chlamydia species.
- Bacteriostatic Effect: Unlike some antibiotics that are bactericidal, Tigecycline is primarily bacteriostatic, meaning it inhibits bacterial growth rather than killing the bacteria outright. However, the inhibition of protein synthesis eventually leads to bacterial death over time.

Tigecycline Drug Interactions - What to Avoid

Tigecycline may interact with other medications, which could alter its effectiveness or cause harmful effects:

- Antacids and Iron Supplements: Tigecycline absorption may be reduced by antacids or iron supplements containing calcium, magnesium, aluminum, or iron, as these can bind to the drug and reduce its bioavailability.
- Warfarin: Co-administration of Tigecycline with warfarin or other anticoagulants may increase the risk of bleeding due to possible effects on blood clotting. Monitoring of prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) is advised.
- Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Interactions: Tigecycline is minimally metabolized by CYP450 enzymes, and although major interactions are unlikely, caution should be exercised when combining it with drugs that heavily interact with this system, such as certain antifungals and antivirals.
- Other Antibiotics: Caution is required when Tigecycline is used in combination with other antibiotics, especially those that may have antagonistic effects, such as beta-lactam antibiotics, potentially reducing efficacy.

Tigecycline Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage

For adult patients, Tigecycline is typically administered via intravenous infusion:

- Initial Dose: 100 mg IV infusion once, followed by
- Maintenance Dose: 50 mg IV every 12 hours.

The duration of therapy depends on the type and severity of the infection but is generally continued for 5–14 days. It is important to follow a healthcare provider's instructions carefully.

Tigecycline Child Dose - Dosage for Children

Tigecycline is not recommended for use in children under 8 years old due to concerns about tooth discoloration and effects on bone growth. In pediatric patients over 8 years, the dose is generally the same as for adults, but the use should be carefully considered based on the infection type and the patient’s condition.

Tigecycline Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions

Tigecycline is primarily metabolized by the liver, and renal dose adjustments are generally not necessary for patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. However, in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), the drug should still be used with caution, and the patient should be closely monitored due to potential accumulation.