50% w/v DEXTROSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Infusion/Solution for

What is 50% w/v DEXTROSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

50% W/V Dextrose Injection, USP (MEDISAL) is a sterile, hypertonic intravenous solution containing dextrose monohydrate as its active ingredient. This highly concentrated glucose solution is primarily used to provide a rapid source of energy in the form of glucose directly into the bloodstream. Supplied in a 500ml glass bottle, it is designed for intravenous administration in clinical settings where immediate carbohydrate supplementation is required.

• Provides quick correction of hypoglycemia in emergency situations.
• Used to supply calories to patients unable to eat or absorb nutrients orally.
• Helps in the treatment of dehydration associated with hypernatremia or other fluid imbalances.
• Acts as an osmotic agent, helping to expand plasma volume in hypovolemic states.
• Commonly administered in hospital or intensive care environments due to its potent concentration and need for careful monitoring.

This medication should always be administered under healthcare professional supervision to avoid complications.

How to use 50% w/v DEXTROSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The administration of 50% W/V Dextrose Injection requires precision and care to ensure patient safety and therapeutic efficacy:

• Administration Route: Intravenous infusion only; never administer via intramuscular or subcutaneous routes due to risk of tissue damage.
• Inspection: Check the solution for clarity and absence of particulate matter before use.
• Dilution: Often diluted with isotonic fluids before administration to reduce its hyperosmolarity and prevent vein irritation or damage.
• Infusion Rate: Carefully titrated according to patient’s clinical condition, blood glucose levels, and tolerance. Rapid boluses may be used in acute hypoglycemia, but slower infusion is advised for maintenance.
• Monitoring: Frequent monitoring of blood glucose, electrolytes, fluid balance, and vital signs is essential during infusion.
• Compatibility: Verify compatibility with other IV drugs or fluids prior to co-administration.

Administration must be performed by trained healthcare professionals following institutional protocols.

Mode of Action 50% w/v DEXTROSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Dextrose is a simple sugar that serves as a vital energy source for the body’s cells. Its mode of action includes:

• Rapid Absorption: Direct intravenous administration allows immediate entry of glucose into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system.
• Cellular Metabolism: Glucose is metabolized by cells via glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, producing ATP, which fuels cellular activities.
• Correction of Hypoglycemia: Quickly restores blood glucose levels, preventing neurological impairment and other complications associated with low blood sugar.
• Osmotic Effect: The hypertonic nature of the solution pulls water into the vascular compartment, which can help expand circulating blood volume.
• Energy Supplementation: Provides necessary calories for patients unable to ingest food orally, supporting metabolic demands and recovery.

These actions collectively support both emergency treatment and nutritional therapy in various clinical situations.

50% w/v DEXTROSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Interactions 50% w/v DEXTROSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

p>Several drug interactions may affect or be affected by 50% W/V Dextrose Injection:

• Insulin and Antidiabetic Agents: These may reduce blood glucose, counteracting the effect of dextrose, requiring dose adjustments and close glucose monitoring.
• Diuretics: Especially thiazides, can increase blood sugar levels and affect electrolyte balance.
• Corticosteroids: May increase blood glucose, enhancing hyperglycemic effects.
• Sympathomimetic Drugs: Can raise glucose levels and potentially increase cardiovascular side effects.
• Intravenous Medications: Compatibility must be verified before mixing with other IV drugs to avoid precipitation or loss of efficacy.

Close clinical monitoring and appropriate dose adjustments are necessary when co-administering with these drugs.

Dosage of 50% w/v DEXTROSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The dosage varies depending on clinical indication and patient status:

• Adults: For acute hypoglycemia, an initial bolus of 25 to 50 ml IV is common, followed by maintenance infusions as clinically indicated.
• Pediatrics: Dosage is weight-based and requires careful adjustment and monitoring.
• Continuous Infusion: Rates are adjusted based on blood glucose levels, fluid status, and metabolic demands.
• Special Populations: Patients with renal, hepatic, or cardiac impairments may require dose adjustments and slow infusion rates to avoid complications.
• Monitoring: Regular glucose and electrolyte assessments guide dosing and prevent adverse effects.

Dosage must always be individualized and supervised by healthcare professionals.

Possible side effects of 50% w/v DEXTROSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Although generally safe when administered properly, potential side effects include:

• Local Effects: Pain, phlebitis, or thrombophlebitis at the infusion site due to hyperosmolarity.
• Hyperglycemia: Excess glucose may lead to elevated blood sugar, causing symptoms such as increased thirst, urination, and in severe cases, diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma.
• Fluid Overload: Rapid or excessive infusion can cause pulmonary edema, hypertension, or heart failure, especially in susceptible patients.
• Electrolyte Imbalance: Shifts in fluids and electrolytes, particularly hypokalemia, may occur.
• Hypersensitivity Reactions: Rare allergic responses including rash, itching, or anaphylaxis.
• Metabolic Complications: Prolonged use may contribute to lactic acidosis or fat accumulation in the liver.

Monitoring and prompt intervention are key to managing adverse events.

50% w/v DEXTROSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Contraindications 50% w/v DEXTROSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

p>This injection is contraindicated in the following situations:

• Hypersensitivity: Known allergy to dextrose or any component of the formulation.
• Uncontrolled Hyperglycemia: Such as in diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states without adequate insulin therapy.
• Severe Dehydration: Without prior fluid resuscitation, hypertonic solutions can worsen dehydration.
• Intracranial Hemorrhage: Risk of increasing cerebral edema due to fluid shifts.
• Severe Cardiac or Renal Disease: Risk of volume overload and electrolyte disturbances.
• Peripheral Vascular Disease or Thrombophlebitis: Hyperosmolar solutions may aggravate local vascular injury.

Patient assessment and clinical judgment are essential before initiating therapy.

Storage of 50% w/v DEXTROSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Proper storage is crucial to maintain the quality and safety of the medication:

• Store at controlled room temperature, typically between 20°C and 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Keep the glass bottle protected from direct sunlight and heat sources.
• Avoid freezing the solution as crystallization can compromise its effectiveness.
• Inspect the container for any damage, discoloration, or particulate matter before use.
• Once opened, the solution should be used promptly to avoid contamination.
• Keep out of reach of children and store separately from incompatible substances.

Adhering to recommended storage guidelines ensures maximum efficacy and safety.