50% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP (MEDISAL) Injection/Solution for

What is 50% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP (MEDISAL)

50% W/V Dextrose Injection, USP (MEDISAL) is a sterile, hypertonic intravenous solution containing dextrose monohydrate as its active ingredient. This highly concentrated glucose solution is primarily used to rapidly supply energy in the form of glucose directly into the bloodstream. It is supplied in a 500ml polypropylene bottle and intended for intravenous infusion in clinical settings.

• Acts as an immediate source of carbohydrates to meet metabolic needs.
• Commonly utilized in patients with hypoglycemia, dehydration, or those requiring parenteral nutrition when oral intake is impossible or insufficient.
• Essential for emergency management of low blood sugar levels to prevent neurological damage.
• Also used to provide calories for energy in critically ill or postoperative patients.
• Because of its hypertonic nature, it is typically diluted or administered via a central line to minimize vein irritation.

This medication should always be administered under professional supervision due to its potency and risk of complications.

How to use 50% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP (MEDISAL)

The administration of 50% W/V Dextrose Injection requires careful attention to ensure safety and efficacy:

• Route: Strictly intravenous infusion; it must never be given intramuscularly or subcutaneously due to risk of tissue damage.
• Inspection: Always visually check the solution for clarity and absence of particles before use.
• Dilution: Often diluted with isotonic fluids prior to infusion to reduce osmolarity and prevent vein irritation.
• Infusion Rate: Adjusted based on clinical urgency; rapid boluses may be required in severe hypoglycemia, but gradual infusion is advised to prevent hyperglycemia.
• Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels and vital signs is essential to adjust the infusion appropriately.
• Compatibility: Verify compatibility with other intravenous drugs before co-administration.

Administration must be performed by trained healthcare personnel following institutional protocols.

Mode of Action 50% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP (MEDISAL)

Dextrose (glucose) is a simple sugar that serves as a primary energy source for the body’s cells. When injected intravenously, the mode of action includes:

• Rapid Absorption: Direct entry into the bloodstream bypasses digestive metabolism, allowing immediate availability for cellular uptake.
• Cellular Metabolism: Glucose is metabolized via glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to generate ATP, the energy currency of cells.
• Correction of Hypoglycemia: Increases plasma glucose concentration rapidly, restoring normal neurological function and preventing complications from low blood sugar.
• Osmotic Effect: The hypertonic solution draws water into the vascular compartment, assisting in fluid volume expansion in hypovolemic states.
• Energy Supplement: Provides critical caloric support in patients unable to obtain nutrients orally.

This combination of metabolic and osmotic effects makes it invaluable in acute care settings.

50% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP (MEDISAL) Interactions 50% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP (MEDISAL)

Interactions should be carefully considered to avoid adverse effects:

• Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemics: May counteract the glucose-raising effect, requiring dose adjustments and close glucose monitoring.
• Diuretics: Especially thiazides, can elevate blood glucose, potentiating hyperglycemia risk.
• Corticosteroids: May antagonize glucose control, necessitating dose modification.
• Sympathomimetics: Can raise blood glucose levels, necessitating caution during concurrent use.
• Other IV Solutions/Drugs: Check compatibility carefully to prevent precipitation or inactivation.

Healthcare providers should review all patient medications and monitor glucose closely during therapy.

Dosage of 50% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP (MEDISAL)

Dosage depends on clinical indications, patient weight, and response:

• Adults: For hypoglycemic emergencies, a typical initial dose is 25-50 ml IV bolus, followed by maintenance infusions as needed.
• Pediatrics: Dosage calculated by weight; smaller volumes are used cautiously under supervision.
• Continuous Infusion: Adjusted based on blood glucose monitoring, clinical status, and caloric requirements.
• Adjustments: Frequent glucose and electrolyte monitoring to tailor dose and avoid complications.
• Special Populations: Patients with renal or cardiac impairment require careful dose and fluid management.

Dosing should always align with clinical protocols and physician guidance.

Possible side effects of 50% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP (MEDISAL)

Though generally safe when used correctly, possible side effects include:

• Local Reactions: Phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, or vein irritation due to the hypertonic nature.
• Hyperglycemia: Excess glucose can cause elevated blood sugar, with symptoms like thirst, polyuria, and in severe cases, diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Fluid Overload: Rapid infusion can precipitate volume overload, pulmonary edema, or cardiac strain, especially in vulnerable patients.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Shifts in fluid compartments may cause hypokalemia or other disturbances.
• Hypersensitivity Reactions: Rare allergic responses including rash, itching, or anaphylaxis.
• Metabolic Issues: Prolonged use may lead to lactic acidosis or fatty infiltration of the liver.

Prompt recognition and intervention can mitigate risks.

50% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP (MEDISAL) Contraindications 50% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP (MEDISAL)

This medication is contraindicated in:

• Known Allergy: Hypersensitivity to dextrose or formulation components.
• Uncontrolled Hyperglycemia: Such as diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar nonketotic coma.
• Severe Dehydration: Without appropriate fluid resuscitation, hypertonic dextrose may exacerbate dehydration.
• Intracranial Hemorrhage: Risk of worsening cerebral edema due to fluid shifts.
• Severe Cardiac or Renal Failure: Due to risk of volume overload and electrolyte imbalance.
• Peripheral Vascular Disease or Thrombophlebitis: Hypertonic solutions may worsen these conditions.

Proper patient evaluation is essential before use.

Storage of 50% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP (MEDISAL)

Proper storage conditions are vital for maintaining medication efficacy and safety:

• Store at room temperature, ideally between 20°C and 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Protect from direct light and heat sources by keeping in original packaging until use.
• Avoid freezing, as this may cause crystallization and compromise the solution.
• Inspect the container for damage, leaks, or discoloration before use.
• Once opened, use the solution immediately to avoid contamination.
• Keep out of reach of children and store away from incompatible substances.

Adhering to these guidelines ensures safety and preserves drug quality.