5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal] Injection

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP [Medisal] is a sterile, clear, aqueous intravenous solution containing 5 grams of dextrose (glucose) per 100 milliliters of water. It is supplied in a 250ml polypropylene bag and is intended for intravenous infusion. Dextrose is a monosaccharide sugar that serves as an essential energy source for the body.

• Primary Use: This injection is primarily used to provide fluids and calories to patients who are unable to take adequate nutrition orally or enterally.
• Clinical Indications: It is used for hydration, to treat or prevent hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), and as a vehicle for intravenous drug delivery.
• Metabolic Role: Dextrose is metabolized by the body to produce energy and supports normal cellular functions, particularly in brain and muscle tissues.
• Physiological Compatibility: The solution is isotonic, minimizing the risk of fluid shifts or irritation during intravenous administration.
• Supplementation: Often incorporated into parenteral nutrition regimens or used in combination with electrolytes depending on the patient's needs.

This injection plays a crucial role in supportive care by ensuring adequate glucose supply and fluid balance in various clinical settings.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

Proper administration of 5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP is essential for safe and effective therapy. The following steps and considerations should be observed:

• Inspection Before Use: Examine the bag for clarity and absence of particulate matter or discoloration. Do not use if compromised.
• Administration Route: Administer intravenously via a suitable vein, using sterile techniques to avoid contamination.
• Preparation: Connect the infusion set aseptically to the bag and ensure secure attachment to the patient's IV access device.
• Infusion Rate: The infusion speed should be individualized based on the patient's clinical condition, age, and comorbidities. Rapid infusions can cause complications such as fluid overload or hyperglycemia.
• Compatibility Check: Confirm compatibility if the solution is used as a diluent or in combination with other intravenous drugs.
• Monitoring: Continuously monitor blood glucose levels, electrolytes, fluid status, and vital signs during therapy.
• Discard After Use: The solution is for single use only; discard any unused portion to avoid contamination.

Strict adherence to these guidelines ensures therapeutic efficacy and minimizes risks.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

The pharmacological effect of 5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP stems from its glucose content, which fulfills critical metabolic and physiological roles:

• Energy Production: Dextrose is absorbed by cells and metabolized through glycolysis to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cellular energy molecule essential for biological functions.
• Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels: It replenishes blood glucose in hypoglycemic states, helping to stabilize glucose-dependent tissues, especially the brain.
• Osmotic Effect: Being isotonic, it helps maintain osmotic balance without causing significant fluid shifts between compartments.
• Protein and Fat Sparing: By supplying glucose, it reduces the body's need to metabolize proteins and fats for energy, thus preserving muscle mass and preventing ketosis.
• Support of Organ Function: Provides essential glucose to organs such as the brain, kidneys, and heart, particularly in states of stress, fasting, or illness.

This mode of action is fundamental to the solution’s role in clinical nutrition and supportive care.

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal] Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

Though generally safe, 5% w/v Dextrose Injection may interact with certain medications or influence medical conditions, necessitating caution:

• Insulin and Hypoglycemic Agents: Infused dextrose can oppose the effects of insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs, requiring careful dose adjustment.
• Diuretics: Concurrent use may disrupt electrolyte balance, necessitating monitoring.
• Corticosteroids and Sympathomimetic Agents: May increase blood glucose levels, potentially leading to hyperglycemia.
• Intravenous Drug Compatibility: Some drugs may be incompatible or unstable when mixed with dextrose solutions. Always verify before co-administration.
• Beta-blockers: These may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia, complicating blood sugar monitoring during therapy.

Effective communication between healthcare providers is essential to avoid harmful interactions.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

Dosage and infusion rates must be individualized and carefully monitored by healthcare professionals:

• Adults: Commonly, infusion volumes range from 250ml to 1000ml per day, depending on fluid and caloric needs.
• Children and Neonates: Dose is calculated based on body weight and metabolic requirements, usually under strict supervision.
• Maintenance Therapy: Used to supply basal glucose and maintain hydration when oral intake is insufficient.
• Adjustment Considerations: Patients with renal impairment, congestive heart failure, or diabetes require dose and infusion rate modifications to prevent complications.
• Monitoring: Regular checks of blood glucose, serum electrolytes, and fluid balance guide ongoing dosing decisions.

Only a qualified healthcare professional should determine appropriate dosing.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

While generally well tolerated, potential adverse effects include:

• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood sugar, especially in diabetic or glucose-intolerant patients.
• Fluid Overload: Excessive infusion may cause edema, hypertension, or exacerbate heart failure symptoms.
• Phlebitis: Inflammation or irritation at the intravenous site.
• Electrolyte Imbalance: Prolonged use may lead to hyponatremia or other electrolyte disturbances.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare, but can range from mild skin rash to severe anaphylaxis.
• Infection Risk: Improper handling or administration technique may introduce infection.

Patients should be monitored closely, and any unexpected symptoms reported immediately.

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal] Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

This medication is contraindicated in the following conditions:

• Known Hypersensitivity: Allergy to dextrose or any component of the solution.
• Severe Hyperglycemia or Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Administration may worsen hyperglycemia and associated complications.
• Severe Dehydration with Electrolyte Imbalance: Requires correction before glucose administration.
• Intracranial or Intraspinal Hemorrhage: Fluid administration can raise intracranial pressure.
• Patients with Fluid Restriction: Such as those with congestive heart failure or renal insufficiency without close monitoring.

Use must be carefully evaluated against potential risks by healthcare providers.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

Proper storage is essential to maintain the quality and sterility of the product:

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature between 15°C and 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
• Avoid Freezing: Freezing can damage the solution and packaging.
• Protect from Light: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
• Inspect Before Use: Do not use if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or the bag is damaged.
• Single-Use Container: Discard any unused portion after opening to prevent contamination.

Following these storage instructions helps ensure safety and efficacy.