5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal] Injection

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP [Medisal] is a sterile intravenous solution containing 5 grams of dextrose (glucose) per 100 milliliters of water. It is presented in a 100ml polypropylene bag designed for intravenous administration. Dextrose is a simple sugar that is a critical source of energy for the body's cells.

• Purpose: This injection is primarily used to provide hydration and supply calories in the form of glucose to patients who are unable to eat or drink adequately.
• Clinical Indications: It is used in conditions like hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), dehydration, and as a vehicle for the administration of other medications intravenously.
• Energy Source: It supplies immediate glucose which can be metabolized for energy production.
• Compatibility: Often used as a diluent for other IV drugs or as part of parenteral nutrition regimens.
• Physical Characteristics: The solution is clear, colorless, and isotonic, ensuring it is safe for intravenous use without causing major fluid shifts.

This medication plays a vital role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, especially in patients who require supplemental glucose and hydration intravenously.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

The administration of 5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP [Medisal] requires strict adherence to medical protocols to ensure safety and therapeutic efficacy.

• Pre-administration checks: Inspect the bag for clarity, absence of particles, and check the expiration date.
• Administration route: Administer only by intravenous infusion through a suitable vein.
• Infusion setup: Use aseptic technique to connect the infusion set to the bag and the patient's intravenous access device.
• Infusion rate: The rate is patient-specific and should be adjusted based on clinical status, age, and the presence of underlying conditions such as diabetes or heart failure.
• Compatibility: If mixing with other IV medications, verify compatibility to avoid precipitation or reduced drug effectiveness.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood glucose, vital signs, and fluid balance is essential during the infusion.
• Discarding: The product is single-use. Discard any unused solution after opening to prevent contamination.

Proper administration ensures effective glucose delivery while minimizing potential adverse events.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

The therapeutic effects of 5% w/v Dextrose Injection are primarily due to its glucose content, which provides a critical energy source:

• Energy metabolism: Dextrose is rapidly absorbed into cells and metabolized via glycolysis to produce ATP, the energy currency of cells.
• Blood glucose regulation: Supplies glucose to prevent or treat hypoglycemia, thereby maintaining normal blood sugar levels.
• Osmotic balance: The isotonic nature helps maintain plasma osmolarity, supporting hydration without causing fluid shifts.
• Reduction of catabolism: By supplying glucose, it reduces the breakdown of fats and proteins for energy, thereby preventing ketosis.
• Supports vital organs: Ensures brain and muscle cells have sufficient glucose, particularly in fasting or stressed states.

This action collectively supports cellular function, energy needs, and fluid homeostasis during treatment.

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal] Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

While generally safe, this injection can interact with various drugs or medical conditions that require consideration:

• Insulin and oral hypoglycemics: May counteract glucose-lowering effects; dosage adjustments of these drugs may be necessary.
• Diuretics: Can cause electrolyte imbalances, especially with prolonged use of dextrose infusions.
• Corticosteroids and sympathomimetics: May raise blood glucose, necessitating careful monitoring.
• Intravenous medications: Potential incompatibility with certain drugs when mixed; always check compatibility before co-administration.
• Beta-blockers: May mask signs of hypoglycemia, making glucose monitoring essential during therapy.

Inform healthcare providers about all medications currently being taken to avoid adverse interactions.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

Dosage varies widely depending on patient condition, age, weight, and clinical indications. It must be prescribed by a healthcare professional:

• Adults: The usual dose ranges from 100ml to 1000ml per day or as clinically indicated.
• Children and neonates: Dosage is carefully calculated based on weight and metabolic needs to avoid hyperglycemia or fluid overload.
• Maintenance: Used to provide calories and hydration in patients unable to consume oral food or fluids.
• Adjustments: Patients with renal, hepatic, or cardiac impairment may require lower doses or slower infusion rates.
• Monitoring: Blood glucose, electrolytes, and fluid balance should guide dosing adjustments.

Individualized dosing optimizes therapeutic outcomes while minimizing risks.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

While generally safe when administered correctly, some adverse effects may occur:

• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood sugar levels, particularly in diabetic or glucose-intolerant patients.
• Fluid overload: May cause edema, hypertension, or exacerbate heart failure if infused too rapidly or in excess.
• Phlebitis or thrombophlebitis: Inflammation or irritation of the vein at the infusion site.
• Electrolyte disturbances: Prolonged use may lead to imbalances such as hyponatremia if not supplemented properly.
• Allergic reactions: Rare but can range from rash to anaphylaxis.
• Infection risk: Possible if aseptic technique is compromised during administration.

Any unusual symptoms should be promptly reported for medical evaluation.

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal] Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

Use of this injection is contraindicated in certain clinical scenarios, including:

• Known hypersensitivity: Allergy to dextrose or formulation components.
• Severe hyperglycemia or diabetic coma: Glucose infusion may worsen condition.
• Severe dehydration with electrolyte imbalance: Alternative management required before glucose administration.
• Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage: Fluid administration may increase intracranial pressure.
• Patients with fluid restriction: Such as those with congestive heart failure or renal failure without close monitoring.

Careful assessment and medical supervision are necessary before initiating therapy.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

To maintain product integrity and safety, follow proper storage guidelines:

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature between 15°C and 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
• Avoid freezing: Freezing damages the solution and can compromise sterility.
• Protect from light: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
• Inspect before use: Discard if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or if the packaging is damaged.
• Single-use container: Discard any unused solution after opening to prevent contamination.

Following these guidelines ensures maximum safety and effectiveness of the medication.