5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal] Injection

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP [Medisal] is a sterile, intravenous solution containing 5 grams of dextrose (glucose) per 100 milliliters of water, supplied in a 50ml polypropylene bag. Dextrose is a naturally occurring simple sugar and an essential carbohydrate that serves as a primary source of energy for the body’s cells.

• Purpose: It is primarily used to provide a rapid source of energy and hydration, especially in patients who cannot consume food orally or require intravenous glucose supplementation.
• Clinical applications: It is indicated for treatment of hypoglycemia, calorie replacement, fluid and electrolyte replenishment, and as a diluent for intravenous drugs.
• Characteristics: The solution is clear, colorless, and isotonic, making it compatible for intravenous use without causing significant fluid shifts in the body.
• Common settings: Frequently used in hospitals during surgery, critical care, dehydration management, or when patients require parenteral nutrition support.

This medication ensures the delivery of essential glucose to meet metabolic demands, maintain blood sugar levels, and support cellular function during acute medical conditions.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

The administration of 5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP [Medisal] should be carried out strictly under medical supervision to ensure safety and efficacy.

• Preparation: Examine the bag for clarity, absence of particulate matter, and ensure the container integrity before use.
• Route of administration: This solution is intended for intravenous infusion only; never administer by other routes.
• Infusion technique: Use a sterile infusion set and aseptic technique. Connect to a suitable intravenous access device.
• Infusion rate: The rate depends on the patient’s clinical status and medical orders—rapid infusion may lead to complications.
• Compatibility: Confirm compatibility if used as a diluent for other intravenous medications to avoid precipitation or reduced efficacy.
• Monitoring: Monitor patient vital signs, blood glucose, fluid balance, and electrolytes during infusion.
• Single-use product: Discard any unused portion after opening to prevent contamination and infection.

Proper administration minimizes risks and maximizes therapeutic benefit. Only trained healthcare professionals should administer this medication.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

The pharmacological activity of 5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP stems from the dextrose content, which acts as a key metabolic substrate:

• Energy source: Dextrose is rapidly metabolized through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), fueling cellular activities.
• Blood glucose maintenance: Provides a source of glucose to prevent hypoglycemia, especially during fasting or metabolic stress.
• Prevention of ketosis: Supplies sufficient carbohydrate to reduce fat breakdown and ketone body formation.
• Osmotic regulation: Maintains plasma osmolarity and hydration, supporting fluid and electrolyte balance.
• Supports recovery: Aids in tissue repair and function by supplying essential energy during illness or post-surgery.

The solution thus plays a vital role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and supporting energy requirements in clinical scenarios.

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal] Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

Several drug interactions and clinical conditions can influence the effects of this injection or vice versa:

• Insulin and antidiabetic drugs: Co-administration requires adjustment of dosage as dextrose can raise blood glucose levels.
• Diuretics: May exacerbate electrolyte imbalances or fluid depletion when combined with dextrose solutions.
• Corticosteroids and ACTH: Can cause hyperglycemia, requiring close monitoring when given with dextrose.
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Though rare, they can indirectly affect glucose metabolism.
• Intravenous medications: Always verify compatibility to avoid precipitation or adverse reactions when mixed or co-administered.

Patients should inform their healthcare providers about all current medications to prevent harmful interactions.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

Dosage depends on the individual patient's age, weight, clinical condition, and specific treatment goals, and must be tailored by the treating physician.

• Adults: Typically administered as a 50 ml infusion or as ordered, over a specific period tailored to hydration or caloric needs.
• Children and neonates: Dosage must be carefully calculated based on body weight and monitored to avoid hyperglycemia or fluid overload.
• Maintenance therapy: Used to provide daily glucose requirements or as part of total parenteral nutrition.
• Adjustment: Patients with renal or cardiac impairment may require lower volumes or slower infusion rates.
• Monitoring: Blood glucose levels and fluid status should be regularly assessed to guide dose adjustments.

Adherence to dosing recommendations ensures therapeutic benefits and minimizes adverse effects.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

Although generally well tolerated, some side effects may occur:

• Hyperglycemia: Excess glucose in the bloodstream, especially in diabetic or glucose-intolerant patients.
• Fluid overload: Symptoms include swelling, hypertension, and in severe cases, congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema.
• Electrolyte imbalances: Prolonged use without electrolyte supplementation can lead to hyponatremia or other disturbances.
• Phlebitis: Inflammation or irritation of the vein at the infusion site.
• Allergic reactions: Rare but may include rash, itching, or anaphylaxis.
• Infection risk: Due to intravenous administration, improper aseptic technique may lead to local or systemic infections.

Report any unusual symptoms promptly to healthcare providers for evaluation and management.

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal] Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

This medication should not be used in the following conditions:

• Known hypersensitivity: Allergy to dextrose or any component of the injection.
• Severe hyperglycemia: Use in patients with elevated blood glucose levels or diabetic coma is contraindicated.
• Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage: Fluid administration may worsen cerebral edema.
• Severe dehydration with electrolyte imbalance: Alternative treatments preferred to correct electrolyte disturbances.
• Patients with fluid restrictions: Including congestive heart failure or severe renal impairment without close monitoring.

Medical evaluation is necessary prior to administration to avoid potential harm.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [Medisal]

Proper storage ensures the medication’s safety and efficacy:

• Temperature: Store at room temperature between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
• Protect from freezing: Freezing may damage the solution and compromise sterility.
• Avoid direct sunlight: Store in a cool, dry place away from light exposure.
• Inspect before use: Do not use if the solution is discolored, cloudy, or if the packaging is damaged.
• Single-use: Discard any unused portion after opening to prevent contamination.

Follow institutional guidelines for storage and disposal of intravenous solutions.