5% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Injection

What is 5% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP is a sterile, intravenous solution consisting of 5 grams of dextrose (glucose) per 100 ml of water. It is commonly used as a source of calories and fluid replenishment in medical settings. Packaged in a 500ml polypropylene bottle, this injection provides essential energy in patients who are unable to consume food orally or require additional glucose to maintain metabolic functions.

• Primary ingredient: Dextrose (also known as glucose), a simple sugar used by the body as a primary energy source.
• Indications: Used in fluid replacement therapy, treatment of hypoglycemia, and as a carrier solution for intravenous drugs.
• Formulation: A clear, colorless solution that is isotonic when administered.
• Clinical use: Commonly used in hospitals during surgery, trauma, dehydration, or conditions causing insufficient caloric intake.

This medication provides a quick source of energy and supports cellular metabolism while also contributing to hydration status.

How to use 5% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Administration of 5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP should be performed exclusively by qualified healthcare professionals following strict aseptic techniques.

• Preparation: Inspect the bottle to ensure solution clarity, absence of particles, and container integrity before use.
• Route of administration: Intravenous infusion only, using sterile infusion sets and equipment.
• Infusion rate: Adjusted according to patient needs, clinical status, and physician’s instructions.
• Compatibility: When used as a diluent for medications, verify compatibility to avoid precipitation or loss of efficacy.
• Monitoring: Monitor blood glucose levels, fluid balance, and electrolytes regularly during infusion.
• Discard unused solution: The injection is for single-use only; discard any unused portion after administration.

Patients should not self-administer this solution due to the need for professional monitoring and adjustment.

Mode of Action 5% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic action of 5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP is primarily due to the dextrose component, which serves as an essential carbohydrate source for energy production:

• Energy supply: Dextrose is metabolized via glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to generate ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell.
• Prevents ketosis: Provides carbohydrates that prevent the breakdown of fat for energy, thereby avoiding ketoacidosis.
• Supports metabolic functions: Maintains blood glucose levels, especially in fasting or hypoglycemic patients.
• Osmotic effect: Helps maintain fluid balance in the body by influencing plasma osmolality and hydration status.

Overall, this injection provides vital metabolic substrates and supports homeostasis in patients unable to consume adequate nutrition orally.

5% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Potential drug and condition interactions may impact the safety and efficacy of 5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP:

• Insulin and antidiabetic agents: Co-administration may require dose adjustments of insulin or oral hypoglycemics to avoid hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.
• Diuretics: Can alter fluid and electrolyte balance, increasing the risk of dehydration or electrolyte disturbances.
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): May interact indirectly by altering glucose metabolism or sympathetic nervous system activity.
• Corticosteroids and ACTH: Can increase blood glucose levels, necessitating close monitoring during dextrose infusion.
• Other intravenous drugs: Compatibility must be ensured before co-infusion to prevent precipitation or reduced drug activity.

Always inform healthcare providers of all medications and health conditions before administration.

Dosage of 5% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The dosage depends on the patient’s clinical condition, age, body weight, and metabolic requirements. It should always be tailored individually by a healthcare professional.

• Adults: Commonly administered as 500 ml to 1000 ml intravenous infusion over several hours, depending on hydration and caloric needs.
• Children: Dosage is weight-based and requires careful monitoring to avoid hyperglycemia or fluid overload.
• Special populations: Elderly or patients with renal/cardiac impairment may require reduced volumes or slower infusion rates.
• Maintenance or supplementation: May be used as part of total parenteral nutrition or alongside other electrolytes and vitamins.
• Monitoring: Frequent assessment of blood glucose, fluid balance, and electrolytes is essential to adjust dosage safely.

Strict adherence to prescribed dosing protocols prevents complications and ensures therapeutic efficacy.

Possible side effects of 5% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

While generally safe, 5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP can cause adverse effects, particularly if misused or administered improperly.

• Hyperglycemia: Excess glucose can elevate blood sugar, especially in diabetic patients or those with impaired glucose tolerance.
• Fluid overload: Rapid or excessive infusion may lead to edema, congestive heart failure, or pulmonary complications.
• Electrolyte imbalances: Prolonged infusion without electrolyte supplementation may cause imbalances.
• Phlebitis and vein irritation: Local inflammation at the injection site due to catheter or infusion technique.
• Allergic reactions: Rare, but possible, ranging from rash to anaphylaxis.
• Infection risk: Improper aseptic technique can introduce infection at the infusion site.

Immediate medical intervention is necessary if serious side effects occur.

5% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Use of this solution is contraindicated in several clinical situations, including:

• Known hypersensitivity: Allergy to dextrose or any component of the formulation.
• Severe hyperglycemia or diabetic coma: Administering glucose can exacerbate these conditions.
• Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage: Increased fluid volume may worsen cerebral edema.
• Severe dehydration with electrolyte imbalance: Alternative electrolyte replacement is preferred.
• Patients requiring fluid restriction: Such as congestive heart failure or renal failure without careful monitoring.

Always conduct a thorough medical assessment prior to administration to avoid complications.

Storage of 5% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper storage is critical to maintain the quality, sterility, and safety of this injection solution.

• Storage temperature: Keep at controlled room temperature between 15°C and 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
• Protect from freezing: Freezing can cause damage to the solution and container.
• Avoid exposure to direct sunlight: Store in a well-ventilated area away from strong light sources.
• Container inspection: Do not use if the container is cracked, leaking, or the solution is cloudy or discolored.
• Single-use: Once opened or punctured, discard unused portions to prevent contamination.

Follow institutional protocols for safe disposal of medical waste and expired products.