5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP (2000ml Plastic Bag) is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous solution composed of 5 grams of dextrose (glucose) per 100ml of water for injection. This results in a total of 100 grams of dextrose in a 2000ml bag. It is an isotonic solution widely used in hospitals and clinics to provide hydration, caloric supplementation, and as a vehicle for intravenous medication administration.

• Generic Name: Dextrose (Glucose)
• Concentration: 5% w/v (5g/100ml)
• Volume: 2000ml per plastic IV bag
• Osmolality: Approx. 252 mOsm/L (isotonic)
• Primary Uses:
  • Hydration in fluid-depleted patients
  • Energy supply in malnourished or fasting individuals
  • Treatment of mild hypoglycemia
  • Supportive therapy in ketoacidosis
  • Diluent for compatible IV medications
• Clinical Setting: Commonly used in emergency care, ICUs, operating rooms, and general wards

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Injection USP 2000ml is administered intravenously and should only be used under the supervision of qualified healthcare personnel. It is essential to maintain sterile technique throughout its use to avoid contamination and associated complications.

• Route: Intravenous infusion (IV)
• Instructions for Use:
  1. Inspect the bag for clarity and check for any particles, discoloration, or leaks
  2. Remove the overwrap and connect the IV line using a sterile administration set
  3. Prime the IV tubing and connect to the patient's IV access
  4. Adjust the flow rate as prescribed by the healthcare provider
• Important Guidelines:
  • Do not use if the solution is cloudy or the bag is damaged
  • Do not administer with incompatible drugs
  • Avoid using in series connections due to risk of air embolism
• Monitoring: Regularly check the patient’s hydration status, blood glucose, and electrolyte levels during infusion

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Injection USP acts through two key mechanisms: fluid replenishment and metabolic energy supply. The glucose component serves as a readily available fuel source for the body, while the water content supports hydration.

• Metabolic Action:
  • Dextrose is metabolized by cells into glucose
  • Glucose enters cells via insulin-dependent and insulin-independent transporters
  • Through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, glucose is converted into ATP for energy
• Hydration Effect:
  • Initially remains extracellular due to isotonicity
  • As glucose is metabolized, free water redistributes across body compartments
  • Helps correct mild dehydration and maintain fluid balance
• Anti-Ketotic Role:
  • Prevents excessive fat breakdown in fasting states
  • Reduces ketone body production by providing an alternate energy source
• Additional Benefits:
  • Acts as a carrier for compatible IV medications
  • Improves tolerance to parenteral nutrition in some patients

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Injection USP may interact with certain medications, electrolytes, and medical conditions. Awareness of these interactions helps avoid adverse outcomes and enhances treatment efficacy.

• Medication-Based Interactions:
  • Insulin: Co-administration increases the risk of hypoglycemia
  • Diuretics: Risk of electrolyte depletion, especially potassium and sodium
  • Cardiac glycosides (e.g., digoxin): Hypokalemia may enhance toxicity
  • Corticosteroids: May lead to fluid retention and hyperglycemia
  • Incompatible Drugs: Avoid mixing with medications not confirmed to be stable in dextrose solutions (e.g., phenytoin, amphotericin B)
• Condition-Based Interactions:
  • Patients with diabetes mellitus may experience hyperglycemia
  • In renal or heart failure, excess fluid may lead to volume overload
• Lab Monitoring Recommendations:
  • Monitor blood glucose frequently
  • Assess serum electrolytes regularly
  • Track daily fluid input and output

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The dosage of 5% Dextrose Injection USP (2000ml) varies depending on the patient’s clinical needs, body weight, fluid balance, and metabolic demands. It should always be prescribed and monitored by a healthcare provider.

• Adults:
  • Typically, 1000 to 3000 ml/day based on fluid and caloric requirements
  • Infusion rate: 50 to 150 ml/hour
• Pediatrics:
  • Dosage is weight-based: 100–150 ml/kg/day
  • Carefully monitor glucose infusion rate (GIR)
• Neonates:
  • Start with 60–100 ml/kg/day
  • Strict monitoring to avoid fluid overload or hypo-/hyperglycemia
• Maximum Dosage:
  • Depends on patient’s renal function and cardiovascular status
  • Should not exceed recommended GIR: typically no more than 4–5 mg/kg/min in adults
• Adjustment Guidelines:
  • Adjust dose in renal, hepatic, or cardiac impairment
  • Consider electrolyte supplementation when needed

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Although 5% Dextrose Injection USP is generally well-tolerated, side effects can occur, especially in vulnerable populations or with prolonged use. Regular clinical monitoring helps mitigate these risks.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Redness or pain at the infusion site
  • Mild hyperglycemia, particularly in diabetic patients
  • Thirst or mild fluid retention
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Fluid overload: Leading to pulmonary edema or hypertension
  • Electrolyte disturbances: Especially hyponatremia or hypokalemia
  • Phlebitis: Inflammation of the vein used for infusion
  • Anaphylactic reactions: Rare but possible
• Preventive Measures:
  • Use correct infusion rate
  • Monitor blood glucose and serum electrolytes
  • Rotate IV site and assess for signs of inflammation or infection

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Injection USP should not be administered in certain medical conditions where glucose or free water may worsen the patient’s status. Identifying these contraindications is essential for safe clinical use.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Known hypersensitivity to dextrose
  • Severe hyperglycemia not managed by insulin
  • Fluid overload states (e.g., pulmonary edema)
• Relative Contraindications:
  • Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
  • Severe renal impairment with oliguria/anuria
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Intracranial pressure elevation or cerebral edema
• Special Considerations:
  • Use with caution in neonates and the elderly
  • Monitor glucose and fluid balance frequently in at-risk patients

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper storage of 5% Dextrose Injection USP (2000ml) ensures safety and efficacy. The product must be kept under specified conditions and inspected prior to use.

• Temperature: Store between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F)
• Allowable Excursions: Between 15°C to 30°C are acceptable temporarily
• Protection: Keep in protective overwrap until use to prevent exposure to light and moisture
• Do Not Freeze: Freezing may cause container leakage or solution degradation
• Visual Inspection: Check for clarity, absence of precipitates, and bag integrity before use
• Post-Opening Use: Use immediately after opening; do not reuse or store