5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP (1000ml Plastic Bag) is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous solution used primarily for fluid and caloric replacement. It contains 5 grams of dextrose (glucose) per 100ml of water, delivering 50g of dextrose per 1000ml. This makes it a valuable resource in clinical medicine for treating dehydration, hypoglycemia, and as a supportive energy source in patients who cannot eat orally. It may also serve as a diluent for compatible intravenous medications.

• Generic Name: Dextrose
• Strength: 5% w/v (5g/100ml)
• Volume: 1000ml in a plastic IV bag
• Type: Isotonic solution (approximate osmolality: 252 mOsm/L)
• Primary Uses:
  • Rehydration in cases of fluid loss due to vomiting, diarrhea, or fever
  • Prevention or treatment of ketosis in patients unable to eat
  • Temporary caloric source for energy metabolism
  • Vehicle for IV administration of water-soluble drugs
• Patient Populations: Suitable for adults, children, and neonates under medical supervision

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Injection USP 1000ml is intended for intravenous administration under the guidance of a healthcare professional. It should be handled aseptically and used immediately after opening to prevent contamination.

• Route: Intravenous infusion via peripheral or central line
• Preparation:
  • Visually inspect for particulate matter and discoloration before use
  • Ensure the bag is not leaking and seals are intact
  • Use only if solution is clear and colorless
• Administration Procedure:
  1. Remove the overwrap and spike the bag using a sterile IV set
  2. Prime the IV tubing to eliminate air
  3. Connect to the patient’s IV access device
  4. Adjust the infusion rate according to the physician’s prescription
• Precautions:
  • Do not use in series connections; may result in air embolism
  • Do not add incompatible drugs directly to the bag
  • Monitor fluid balance and glucose levels during administration
• Infusion Duration: Typically infused over several hours, depending on patient needs

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic effect of 5% Dextrose Injection USP is based on the physiological action of glucose, which serves as a primary energy source for cellular metabolism. The solution also provides a volume of free water that assists in rehydration.

• Glucose Metabolism:
  • Dextrose is metabolized into glucose, which enters cells via insulin-regulated transporters
  • Once inside, glucose undergoes glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to produce ATP
  • This supports vital cellular processes and energy production
• Fluid Balance:
  • Being isotonic, it initially remains in the extracellular space, replenishing plasma volume
  • As glucose is metabolized, free water is distributed across intracellular and extracellular compartments
• Anti-ketotic Effect:
  • Glucose supply prevents fat breakdown and ketone production in fasting or malnourished individuals
• Caloric Value:
  • Each 1000ml provides approximately 170 kilocalories

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Injection USP may interact with certain medications or clinical conditions. Understanding these interactions is essential for preventing complications such as hyperglycemia, fluid imbalance, or reduced drug efficacy.

• Medication Interactions:
  • Insulin: Concurrent use may lead to hypoglycemia; blood glucose must be monitored
  • Electrolyte Imbalances: May dilute serum electrolytes, especially sodium and potassium
  • Diuretics: May worsen dehydration or electrolyte loss
  • Corticosteroids: May cause sodium retention and worsen fluid overload
  • Incompatible Drugs: Some antibiotics and anticonvulsants may be unstable in dextrose solutions
• Condition-Based Interactions:
  • Use cautiously in diabetics or patients with glucose intolerance
  • May exacerbate cerebral edema in neurologic injuries
• Lab Monitoring:
  • Frequent monitoring of blood glucose, electrolytes, and fluid status is recommended

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Dosage of 5% Dextrose Injection USP should be individualized according to the patient’s age, weight, hydration status, and clinical condition. Careful control of infusion rate is essential to prevent complications.

• Adults:
  • Typical dose: 500ml to 3000ml/day depending on caloric and fluid requirements
  • Infusion rate: 50 to 150 ml/hour
• Children:
  • Daily dose: 100 to 150 ml/kg/day
  • Infusion rate: Based on glucose infusion rate (GIR); should not exceed 10–12 mg/kg/min
• Neonates:
  • Start with 60–100 ml/kg/day
  • Careful monitoring of glucose levels and GIR is critical
• Maximum Daily Dose: Depends on metabolic tolerance and fluid status
• Adjustments:
  • Modify based on glucose levels, urine output, and signs of overload
  • Supplement with electrolytes if required

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Though generally safe, 5% Dextrose Injection USP can cause adverse reactions, especially in patients with metabolic or fluid balance disorders. Continuous monitoring is key to minimizing risks.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Local irritation or redness at the infusion site
  • Mild hyperglycemia, especially in insulin-resistant individuals
  • Headache or fatigue from osmotic shifts
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Fluid overload: Risk of pulmonary edema in patients with cardiac or renal impairment
  • Electrolyte disturbances: Hyponatremia, hypokalemia if not supplemented
  • Phlebitis or thrombophlebitis: Especially with prolonged use
  • Anaphylaxis: Rare but possible with hypersensitivity to components
• Preventive Measures:
  • Administer at prescribed rate
  • Monitor serum glucose and electrolytes regularly
  • Rotate infusion sites when possible

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Use of 5% Dextrose Injection USP is contraindicated in specific medical conditions where glucose or fluid administration may be harmful.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Hypersensitivity to dextrose
  • Hyperglycemia unresponsive to insulin
  • Delirium tremens when fluid intake is restricted
  • Severe dehydration with hyponatremia
• Relative Contraindications:
  • Congestive heart failure (risk of fluid overload)
  • Renal insufficiency with oliguria or anuria
  • Cerebral edema or head trauma
  • Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
• Special Populations:
  • Use caution in neonates and the elderly
  • Frequent monitoring is required in patients on diuretics or corticosteroids

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper storage of 5% Dextrose Injection USP ensures its stability and sterility. It should be stored in controlled conditions and used only under recommended guidelines.

• Temperature: Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F)
• Excursions: Permitted from 15°C to 30°C
• Do Not Freeze: Freezing may cause precipitation or container damage
• Protection from Light: Keep in overwrap until ready to use
• Inspect Before Use: Ensure clarity and absence of particulates or discoloration
• Container Integrity: Discard if bag is damaged or leaks are present
• After Opening: Use immediately; do not store for later use