5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous (IV) solution used primarily for fluid replenishment, caloric supply, and as a vehicle for drug administration. This solution contains 5 grams of dextrose (a form of glucose) in every 100 ml of water, making it an isotonic solution. The 250ml plastic bag packaging is commonly used in hospital and clinical settings for moderate volume fluid therapy.

• Composition: Each 100 ml contains 5g of Dextrose USP in water for injection.
• Formulation: Infusion/Solution, presented in a 250ml plastic IV bag with a sterile administration port.
• Classification: Carbohydrate (nutritional/fluid therapy agent).
• Primary Uses:
  • Provides fluid and carbohydrate replacement in patients who are unable to eat or drink.
  • Used to treat dehydration, hypoglycemia, and to dilute medications for IV administration.
  • Common in postoperative care, fasting patients, or during acute illness to provide energy.
• Suitability: Can be used in adults, children, and neonates under proper medical supervision.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Injection USP is administered intravenously under sterile conditions by healthcare professionals. It is crucial to follow correct administration techniques to avoid complications such as fluid overload or infection.

• Administration Route: Intravenous infusion via peripheral or central vein, depending on patient condition and treatment purpose.
• Preparation: Ensure the solution is clear and free of particles. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or if the container is damaged.
• Steps for Use:
  1. Inspect the bag for leaks or foreign matter before use.
  2. Connect the bag to a sterile IV administration set.
  3. Adjust infusion rate as prescribed by the physician.
  4. Monitor the patient regularly for signs of adverse effects.
• Duration and Rate: Depends on patient needs. For general maintenance, infusion may be given over several hours.
• Special Instructions:
  • Not for use in series connections; may cause air embolism.
  • Avoid rapid administration unless indicated (e.g., hypoglycemia emergency).

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic effect of 5% Dextrose Injection USP lies in its ability to provide a readily available source of energy and fluid volume. It works physiologically to restore or maintain normal glucose levels and fluid balance.

• Dextrose as Glucose: The dextrose in the solution is rapidly absorbed and metabolized into glucose, the body’s primary energy source.
• Energy Production: Glucose undergoes glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), generating ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for cellular functions.
• Fluid Rehydration: As an isotonic solution, it distributes evenly in the extracellular fluid compartment, helping correct mild fluid loss or dehydration.
• Maintains Blood Sugar: Helps stabilize blood glucose levels in fasting patients or those unable to intake oral carbohydrates.
• Drug Diluent: Serves as a medium for dilution and delivery of IV drugs, improving compatibility and reducing local irritation.

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Though considered a relatively safe infusion solution, 5% Dextrose Injection USP may interact with certain drugs or clinical conditions. It's important to assess potential interactions before administration.

• Drug Interactions:
  • Corticosteroids and Diuretics: May increase fluid retention, counteracting the benefits of IV hydration.
  • Insulin: Dextrose can raise blood sugar levels; insulin may be required to manage hyperglycemia during infusion.
  • Phenytoin: May precipitate when mixed; avoid direct admixture unless compatibility is established.
  • Amphotericin B: Compatibility with dextrose varies by formulation—check manufacturer’s recommendations.
• Lab Interference: May cause false-positive results in glucose-based urine tests during or shortly after infusion.
• Clinical Considerations:
  • Monitor electrolytes, especially in long-term or high-volume use—risk of dilutional hyponatremia.
  • Use cautiously in diabetic patients due to risk of hyperglycemia.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The dosage of 5% Dextrose Injection depends on the patient’s age, weight, clinical condition, and reason for administration (hydration, glucose supplementation, or drug dilution).

• Adults: Typical rate ranges from 500 ml to 3 liters per 24 hours, depending on fluid and caloric needs.
• Children: Dosage adjusted by body weight and clinical need; usually 100–150 ml/kg/day in divided doses.
• Neonates: Administer cautiously; typical dosage is 60–100 ml/kg/day, considering risk of fluid overload.
• Rate of Administration:
  • For maintenance: 30–75 ml/hour in adults.
  • In hypoglycemia emergencies: faster rates may be needed under strict monitoring.
• Maximum Dose: No fixed maximum, but must be guided by serum glucose and fluid status.
• Monitoring:
  • Blood glucose levels (especially in diabetics).
  • Serum electrolytes and fluid balance.
  • Signs of fluid overload or pulmonary edema in high-risk groups.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

While generally safe when used appropriately, 5% Dextrose Injection can cause adverse effects, particularly with prolonged or excessive use.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Localized pain or irritation at injection site.
  • Swelling due to fluid accumulation (edema).
  • Flushing or mild allergic reactions (rare).
• Metabolic Effects:
  • Hyperglycemia, especially in diabetics or patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
  • Electrolyte imbalances—hyponatremia (low sodium) or hypokalemia (low potassium) with prolonged use.
• Severe Adverse Reactions:
  • Fluid overload leading to pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure (CHF).
  • Phlebitis or thrombophlebitis if infused via peripheral vein.
  • Allergic/anaphylactoid reactions (rare).
• Preventive Measures:
  • Use the smallest effective dose and adjust for clinical status.
  • Monitor vital signs and serum labs regularly.

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

There are certain clinical conditions where the use of 5% Dextrose Injection is not recommended, either absolutely or with caution.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Hypersensitivity: Known allergy to dextrose or any component of the formulation.
  • Severe Hyperglycemia: In patients with uncontrolled diabetes without insulin coverage.
  • Intracranial or Intraspinal Hemorrhage: Risk of worsening cerebral edema due to hypotonic effect post-metabolism.
• Relative Contraindications (Use with Caution):
  • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) – risk of fluid overload.
  • Renal impairment – reduced excretion of fluid may cause edema or electrolyte imbalance.
  • Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyponatremia.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper storage conditions are crucial to ensure the sterility and effectiveness of the 5% Dextrose Injection USP.

• Storage Temperature: Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Avoid freezing.
• Light Sensitivity: Protect from excessive light; store in original overwrap until ready for use.
• Shelf Life: Refer to expiry date printed on the bag. Discard unused portions once opened.
• Visual Inspection: Do not use if solution appears cloudy, discolored, or contains particulates.
• Container Care: Ensure bag integrity. Do not administer if container is leaking or damaged.
• Post-Opening Use: Once the port is opened, use immediately under aseptic conditions.