5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution used primarily for fluid replenishment and caloric supply in patients who cannot consume adequate fluids or calories orally. It contains 5 grams of dextrose (glucose) per 100ml of water, making it an isotonic solution commonly administered intravenously in clinical settings.

• Composition: Each 100ml contains 5g of Dextrose (anhydrous or monohydrate), dissolved in Water for Injection.
• Form: Infusion solution for intravenous use only.
• Packaging: Supplied in 100ml plastic IV bags that are ready for direct administration via IV infusion set.
• Primary Uses:
  • Maintaining hydration and fluid balance.
  • Providing a source of calories during fasting or pre/post-operative states.
  • Dilution or delivery vehicle for compatible IV drugs.

This preparation is widely used in hospitals, emergency settings, and outpatient care for a range of metabolic and hydration needs.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper usage of 5% Dextrose Injection USP is essential to ensure safety and effectiveness. Administration should always be performed under the supervision of qualified medical personnel.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous (IV) infusion via a sterile technique using a compatible IV infusion set.
• Preparation Steps:
  • Inspect the bag for leaks, particulate matter, or discoloration before use.
  • Remove the plastic overwrap if present and use aseptic technique when inserting the IV set.
  • Do not mix with incompatible medications without confirmation of compatibility.
• Rate of Infusion:
  • Should be determined based on the patient’s age, weight, fluid requirements, and clinical condition.
  • Typically infused slowly to prevent hyperglycemia or fluid overload.
• Monitoring:
  • Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, electrolyte balance, and overall fluid status is advised during infusion.

It is important to discontinue the infusion if signs of adverse reactions occur or if no longer clinically indicated.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The pharmacological action of 5% Dextrose Injection lies in its function as both a fluid replenisher and a basic carbohydrate source.

• Hydration Support:
  • The isotonic nature of 5% dextrose allows it to restore fluid volume without causing immediate shifts in the body’s osmotic balance.
• Glucose Metabolism:
  • Dextrose is rapidly metabolized into carbon dioxide and water by cells, providing a quick energy source.
  • This process supports cellular function and maintains glucose levels in fasting or hypoglycemic states.
• Temporary Protein Sparing Effect:
  • By supplying carbohydrates, the infusion prevents the breakdown of proteins for energy, preserving muscle mass.
• Distribution:
  • Dextrose is distributed throughout total body water, contributing to hydration at both intracellular and extracellular levels.

Overall, 5% Dextrose acts as a dual-purpose IV fluid: supplying energy and restoring hydration efficiently.

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

While 5% Dextrose Injection is generally well tolerated, it may interact with certain drugs or clinical conditions, necessitating caution.

• Drug Interactions:
  • Corticosteroids & ACTH: May cause sodium and fluid retention, counteracting the hydration benefits of dextrose solutions.
  • Insulin: Concomitant insulin therapy may increase cellular glucose uptake, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia if not monitored.
  • Diuretics: Loop or thiazide diuretics may affect electrolyte balance when combined with IV fluids.
  • Potassium-Containing Solutions: Co-administration without monitoring may disrupt electrolyte homeostasis.
• Compatibility Concerns:
  • Ensure compatibility when using the IV bag as a diluent for injectable medications.
  • Do not mix with blood products or medications that may precipitate or degrade in dextrose solution.
• Disease Interactions:
  • Diabetes Mellitus: May cause hyperglycemia; close glucose monitoring is essential.
  • Renal impairment: Risk of fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances.
  • Congestive heart failure: Risk of volume overload.

Healthcare providers should evaluate the patient’s medications and underlying conditions before initiating therapy.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The dosage of 5% Dextrose Injection USP should be individualized based on clinical condition, age, weight, and fluid/electrolyte/caloric needs.

• General Dosage Guidelines:
  • Adults: 500ml to 3 liters per 24 hours, adjusted as per hydration or caloric requirements.
  • Children: Typically 100ml/kg/day divided over 24 hours, adjusted for weight and condition.
  • Neonates: Lower volumes at controlled infusion rates; typically under continuous supervision.
• Rate of Administration:
  • Adults: Up to 150ml/hour under normal conditions.
  • Children: 4-2-1 rule may be applied (4ml/kg for first 10kg, 2ml/kg for next 10kg, etc.).
• Maximum Rate:
  • Should not exceed 0.5g/kg/hour of dextrose to avoid hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis.

Frequent monitoring of glucose levels, electrolytes, and fluid balance is critical during therapy.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

While generally safe, 5% Dextrose Injection can occasionally cause adverse reactions, particularly if used inappropriately or in sensitive individuals.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Local pain or irritation at the injection site.
  • Mild swelling (edema) at the site of infusion.
• Metabolic Effects:
  • Hyperglycemia, especially in diabetic or insulin-resistant patients.
  • Hypokalemia due to dilution or insulin-driven intracellular potassium shift.
• Systemic Reactions:
  • Fluid overload leading to pulmonary edema or heart failure in at-risk patients.
  • Allergic reactions, though rare, may include rash, fever, or anaphylaxis.
• Long-Term Use Risks:
  • Osmotic diuresis if high infusion rates are maintained.
  • Electrolyte imbalances if not supplemented appropriately (e.g., sodium, potassium).

Prompt intervention is necessary if any serious side effect occurs during administration.

5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

There are specific clinical situations where the use of 5% Dextrose Injection is either contraindicated or should be administered with caution.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Hypersensitivity to dextrose or any component of the formulation.
  • Clinically significant hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance.
  • Patients with intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage (due to risk of osmotic effects worsening cerebral edema).
• Relative Contraindications / Use with Caution:
  • Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
  • Severe renal impairment or anuria.
  • Congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema.
  • Post-operative patients with impaired glucose metabolism.

Assessment of the patient's complete medical profile is essential before use.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper storage is essential to maintain the sterility and effectiveness of the solution.

• Storage Conditions:
  • Store at controlled room temperature between 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).
  • Protect from excessive heat and freezing.
  • Avoid direct sunlight exposure.
• Handling Instructions:
  • Inspect the solution before use—do not use if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or if the container is damaged.
  • Single-use only: discard any unused portion after opening.
• Transportation:
  • Ensure containers remain upright and sealed during transport to avoid contamination.

Following these storage guidelines helps preserve the integrity and safety of the product until the point of administration.