10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Infusion/Solution for

What is 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

10% w/v Glucose Intravenous Infusion B.P. is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution containing 100 grams of glucose (dextrose monohydrate) dissolved in 1000 mL of water for injection. It is classified as a hypertonic solution due to its high osmolarity, making it suitable for specialized clinical applications, especially when higher caloric energy or glucose delivery is required.

• Generic Name: Dextrose
• Strength: 10% w/v (10 grams per 100 mL)
• Form: Injection solution for IV infusion
• Packaging: 1000 mL flexible plastic bag
• Osmolarity: Approx. 555 mOsm/L

This solution is primarily used in hospitals for:

• Treatment of moderate to severe hypoglycemia
• Provision of calories in parenteral nutrition
• Fluid therapy when combined with other IV medications or electrolytes
• Prevention of ketosis in fasting or malnourished patients

Due to its hypertonic nature, 10% glucose is not suitable for routine hydration or maintenance fluid therapy. Its administration requires clinical judgment and careful monitoring.

How to use 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

10% Glucose IV Infusion must be administered intravenously and should only be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider. The 1000 mL plastic bag is intended for use in inpatient settings where a high volume of glucose delivery is required over time.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous (central or peripheral vein)
• Method: Continuous infusion via infusion pump or drip regulator

Steps for Administration:

• Check the integrity of the container and clarity of the solution
• Use aseptic technique to connect the IV line
• Adjust the flow rate according to clinical prescription
• Monitor vital signs and blood glucose during infusion

Clinical Monitoring Includes:

• Blood glucose levels to prevent hyperglycemia
• Serum electrolytes (especially potassium and sodium)
• Signs of volume overload or pulmonary edema
• IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis

Do not administer this solution simultaneously with blood products or incompatible drugs without verifying compatibility. Discontinue use if contamination or deterioration is suspected.

Mode of Action 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The pharmacological action of 10% glucose solution stems from its role as a source of energy and metabolic substrate. Once administered intravenously, glucose is rapidly distributed in the extracellular fluid and taken up into cells, particularly muscle and liver cells, under the influence of insulin.

• Primary Role: Energy production via glycolysis and aerobic respiration
• ATP Yield: Each molecule of glucose generates 36–38 molecules of ATP
• Secondary Effects: Inhibits protein catabolism and reduces fat oxidation

The high osmolarity draws water into the vascular compartment, providing a transient plasma expansion effect. This can be clinically useful in certain hypovolemic states but also poses a risk of fluid overload in susceptible individuals.

Glucose plays critical roles in:

• Maintaining cerebral and myocardial energy supply
• Facilitating hepatic glycogen synthesis
• Supporting immune cell function
• Acting as a carrier medium for compatible medications

This metabolic utility makes 10% glucose a valuable component of parenteral nutrition and emergency medicine protocols.

10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Interactions 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Though glucose itself has minimal direct pharmacological interactions, its administration may influence or be influenced by several medications, particularly those affecting insulin and fluid-electrolyte balance.

• Insulin: Co-administration enhances cellular glucose uptake; must be balanced to avoid hypoglycemia
• Corticosteroids: Can induce hyperglycemia, possibly requiring glucose dose adjustments
• Diuretics: May contribute to electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hypokalemia) when combined with glucose infusions
• Potassium: Often administered with glucose and insulin to treat hyperkalemia
• Phenytoin: Incompatible with glucose solutions due to pH sensitivity—use normal saline instead

Incompatibility Cautions:

• Blood and blood components: Risk of hemolysis
• Calcium-containing solutions: May form precipitates
• Strong acids or bases: May degrade glucose or alter pH

Drug compatibility should always be verified before mixing any substance with glucose infusion. When used as a diluent, consult compatibility charts or a pharmacist.

Dosage of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Dosage of 10% Glucose IV Infusion should be individualized based on the patient's age, weight, clinical condition, and glucose tolerance. In general, this solution is intended for use in patients requiring moderate to high glucose supplementation.

• Adults: Typically 500–2000 mL/day (50–200 g glucose), depending on caloric needs
• Children: Dosage based on body weight (10–20 mL/kg/day), closely monitored
• Maximum Rate: Should not exceed 0.5 g/kg/hour to avoid osmotic diuresis and hyperglycemia

Special Considerations:

• Adjust rate for diabetic, renal, or hepatic-compromised patients
• Monitor blood glucose every 4–6 hours or more frequently if needed
• In surgical or fasting patients, may be combined with electrolytes or amino acids

Always follow institutional protocols and consult pharmacy/nutrition specialists when calculating caloric or metabolic needs.

Possible side effects of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

While generally safe under medical supervision, 10% glucose IV infusion can cause adverse effects, especially when administered rapidly or in patients with preexisting conditions.

• Hyperglycemia: The most common side effect, particularly in diabetic patients
• Hypokalemia: Glucose-induced insulin secretion can lower serum potassium
• Volume Overload: May lead to hypertension, edema, or heart failure in susceptible patients
• Local Reactions: Phlebitis, pain, or redness at the infusion site
• Osmotic Diuresis: If administered too quickly or in large doses
• Allergic Reactions: Rare, but hypersensitivity to additives or container materials may occur

Side effects should be promptly evaluated. Routine clinical monitoring minimizes risk and ensures safe delivery of therapy.

10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Contraindications 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Certain conditions may contraindicate the use of hypertonic glucose infusions due to the risk of worsening the underlying disease or causing complications.

• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
• Hyperosmolar states (e.g., HHS)
• Fluid retention disorders such as heart failure or renal failure
• Acute ischemic stroke or head trauma—glucose may worsen cerebral injury
• Known hypersensitivity to dextrose or packaging components

Use caution or avoid use in patients with liver disease, pulmonary edema, or those receiving blood transfusions through the same line.

Storage of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Proper storage ensures the sterility and efficacy of the infusion until use.

• Storage Temperature: Store at 15–25°C (59–77°F)
• Light Protection: Keep in original outer packaging to protect from light
• Do Not Freeze: Freezing may cause bag rupture or glucose crystallization
• Shelf Life: Usually 24–36 months unopened; always check expiration date
• Single-Use Only: Discard any unused portion after opening

Inspect for clarity, absence of particulates, and integrity of the plastic bag prior to use. Contaminated or discolored solutions should never be administered.