10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Infusion/Solution for

What is 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

10% w/v Glucose Intravenous Infusion B.P. is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution intended for intravenous administration. Each 500 mL plastic bag contains 50 grams of glucose (as dextrose monohydrate) dissolved in water for injection. The solution is hypertonic, with an osmolarity significantly higher than plasma, making it suitable for rapid energy replenishment and specialized clinical scenarios.

• Generic Name: Dextrose (Glucose Monohydrate)
• Concentration: 10% w/v (10 g/100 mL)
• Form: Injectable/infusion solution
• Packaging: 500 mL flexible plastic bag with port for IV administration
• Osmolarity: Approx. 555 mOsm/L (hypertonic)

This formulation is primarily used in hospitals for:

• Immediate treatment of hypoglycemia
• Parenteral nutrition in patients unable to ingest food
• Prevention of ketosis during fasting or surgical recovery
• Vehicle for dilution and administration of compatible IV drugs

Because of its hypertonic nature, 10% glucose should be administered with caution and under close clinical supervision. It is not meant for routine hydration purposes and must be dosed according to individual metabolic and fluid needs.

How to use 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

10% w/v Glucose IV Infusion is administered via the intravenous route and is intended for use by trained healthcare professionals. It can be delivered through a peripheral vein but is ideally suited for central venous administration if given in large volumes or at high rates.

• Route: Intravenous (IV)
• Method: Continuous infusion using an IV drip or infusion pump
• Setting: Hospital wards, ICU, surgical recovery units

Instructions for Use:

• Inspect the bag for clarity, leakage, or particulate matter before use
• Use aseptic technique when inserting IV lines
• Connect via sterile IV tubing with a suitable infusion controller or pump
• Adjust the infusion rate according to patient’s weight, glucose levels, and clinical condition

Monitoring During Infusion:

• Blood glucose levels (hourly or as needed)
• Serum electrolytes (especially potassium and sodium)
• Signs of fluid overload, pulmonary edema, or phlebitis
• Renal function and urine output

It is important not to administer other drugs simultaneously through the same IV line unless compatibility has been established.

Mode of Action 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Glucose, or dextrose, is a monosaccharide that serves as the primary energy source for body cells. Upon intravenous administration, it is rapidly distributed into the circulation, transported into cells via glucose transporters, and metabolized to produce ATP—the cellular energy currency.

• Cell Entry: Facilitated by insulin, especially in muscle and adipose tissue
• Metabolic Pathways: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
• Energy Yield: 1 mole of glucose yields approximately 36–38 ATP molecules

Physiologically, this infusion helps to:

• Provide calories for energy metabolism (3.4 kcal/g)
• Prevent protein catabolism during fasting or malnutrition
• Maintain blood glucose levels in hypoglycemic states
• Support vital organ functions, especially the brain

As a hypertonic solution, it also draws water into the intravascular compartment, which can transiently increase circulatory volume. However, this can be risky in patients with cardiac or renal impairment, so monitoring is essential.

10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Interactions 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Although glucose is naturally occurring and widely compatible, its use in IV solutions can be affected by certain drug interactions and physiological modifiers. Caution should be exercised in polypharmacy situations.

• Insulin: Co-administration accelerates cellular glucose uptake, potentially leading to hypoglycemia if not balanced with monitoring.
• Corticosteroids: These may cause hyperglycemia and reduced insulin sensitivity, requiring dosage adjustments.
• Diuretics: Particularly thiazides and loop diuretics, may exacerbate fluid and electrolyte imbalances associated with glucose infusions.
• Phenytoin: Incompatible in glucose solutions due to pH instability—must be administered separately.
• Potassium Supplements: Often co-administered to prevent hypokalemia during glucose and insulin therapy.

Incompatibilities:

• Blood products—should not be infused with glucose due to risk of hemolysis or clumping
• Calcium or phosphate solutions—may precipitate
• Strong alkaline drugs—may destabilize glucose

When using 10% glucose as a drug vehicle, always refer to compatibility data and consult a clinical pharmacist if necessary.

Dosage of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Dosage must be individualized based on patient needs, glucose metabolism status, and concurrent clinical conditions. The 500 mL size is typically used for moderate glucose supplementation or for delivering medications requiring dilution in a glucose medium.

• Adults: 500–1000 mL/day (50–100 g glucose), adjusted according to caloric need
• Children: Typically 10–20 mL/kg/day, titrated according to age and metabolic demand
• Infusion Rate: Should not exceed 0.5 g/kg/hour to avoid hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis

Special Considerations:

• Infusion rates must be slower in elderly or renal-impaired patients
• When used with insulin, monitor potassium to avoid hypokalemia
• Adjust doses in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

Always initiate therapy at a slower rate and adjust based on blood glucose monitoring. Sudden high glucose infusions can disrupt electrolyte balance and metabolic homeostasis.

Possible side effects of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Though typically safe when used appropriately, 10% Glucose IV Infusion can lead to side effects, especially with excessive or prolonged use, or in patients with comorbidities.

• Hyperglycemia: Most common, particularly in diabetics or insulin-resistant patients
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, or hyperosmolar states can develop
• Osmotic Diuresis: Excess glucose may lead to dehydration if kidneys cannot reabsorb all of it
• Fluid Overload: Risk of pulmonary edema, hypertension, or heart failure in vulnerable individuals
• Local Reactions: Phlebitis or vein irritation at infusion site, especially with peripheral lines
• Infections: Secondary to improper technique or prolonged catheter use

Rarely, hypersensitivity reactions such as rash, fever, or anaphylaxis may occur. If any unusual symptoms appear, the infusion should be stopped and evaluated promptly.

10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Contraindications 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Certain clinical scenarios contraindicate the use of this solution due to the potential for worsening patient outcomes.

• Severe Hyperglycemia: Without concurrent insulin support
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis or Coma: Unless carefully managed with insulin and electrolyte replacement
• Fluid Overload Conditions: Such as congestive heart failure or renal failure
• Hypersensitivity: Known allergy to dextrose or plastic bag components
• Intracranial Hemorrhage: Hyperglycemia may exacerbate cerebral edema and worsen prognosis

Use caution in elderly patients, those with impaired renal or hepatic function, or in critically ill individuals, and always under close monitoring.

Storage of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Proper storage of the infusion solution ensures sterility, efficacy, and safety up to the expiration date.

• Temperature: Store at 15–25°C (59–77°F); avoid freezing
• Light Protection: Keep in outer packaging to protect from direct sunlight
• Container Check: Discard if bag is damaged, leaking, or contents are discolored or cloudy
• Shelf Life: Usually 24–36 months unopened—refer to manufacturer’s label
• Post-Opening: Use within 24 hours once connected to an IV line; discard unused portion

Follow all hospital protocols for sterile handling, infusion setup, and disposal to minimize the risk of contamination and infection.