10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Infusion/Solution for

What is 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

10% w/v Glucose Intravenous Infusion B.P. is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, hypertonic solution composed of 10 grams of glucose (as dextrose monohydrate) in every 100 mL of water for injection. The 250 mL plastic bag contains 25 grams of glucose and is used for intravenous administration to provide energy, manage low blood sugar, or deliver compatible medications.

• Generic Name: Dextrose Monohydrate
• Concentration: 10% w/v (10 g/100 mL)
• Form: Intravenous solution for injection/infusion
• Packaging: 250 mL plastic bag with sterile port
• Osmolarity: Approximately 555 mOsm/L

This formulation is typically used in clinical settings for:

• Managing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• Providing parenteral energy support in patients unable to eat
• Serving as a fluid and nutrient supplement in post-operative or fasting patients
• Acting as a compatible vehicle for certain IV medications

Because it is a hypertonic solution, it draws water into the intravascular space and requires cautious administration, particularly in patients with fluid balance issues. It is administered under strict medical supervision.

How to use 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The 10% w/v Glucose IV Infusion is intended for intravenous use only and must be administered under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. The 250 mL size makes it suitable for short-term interventions, such as correcting hypoglycemia or delivering medications requiring a glucose medium.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous (via peripheral or central vein)
• Use Setting: Hospital, emergency room, or clinic with monitoring equipment
• Duration: Usually administered over 30 minutes to several hours, depending on indication

Administration Guidelines:

• Inspect the bag for clarity and leaks before use
• Use aseptic technique when connecting to IV lines
• Do not add medications without checking for compatibility
• Infusion rate should be individualized based on glucose tolerance and fluid status
• Use an infusion pump for accurate delivery, especially in high-risk patients

Monitoring During Use:

• Blood glucose levels every 1–4 hours, especially in diabetic or critically ill patients
• Fluid balance and signs of fluid overload (e.g., weight gain, edema)
• Electrolytes, particularly potassium and sodium, as glucose shifts intracellular electrolytes
• IV site inspection to prevent phlebitis or infiltration

Always follow institutional guidelines and adjust therapy based on ongoing patient assessment.

Mode of Action 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Glucose is a monosaccharide that plays a vital role in cellular energy metabolism. When administered intravenously, it enters the bloodstream directly, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract, and serves as an immediate energy source for cellular processes.

• Cellular Uptake: Glucose is transported into cells by glucose transporters (mainly GLUT4), a process facilitated by insulin
• Metabolism: Inside cells, glucose undergoes glycolysis, leading to the production of ATP, which fuels cellular functions
• Storage: Excess glucose is converted into glycogen (in the liver and muscles) or fat (in adipose tissue)

Therapeutic Effects:

• Restores blood glucose in hypoglycemic states
• Prevents protein catabolism by providing a non-protein caloric source
• Maintains basal metabolic function in fasting or post-surgical patients
• Supports circulatory volume due to its hypertonic nature, drawing fluid into the vascular space

While the action is beneficial in energy-deprived states, excessive use without appropriate monitoring may lead to hyperglycemia, electrolyte imbalances, or fluid overload. Hence, it's used with regular monitoring in acute care settings.

10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Interactions 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Although glucose is a natural metabolite, the infusion may interact with certain medications or metabolic pathways, especially in patients receiving multiple IV therapies.

• Insulin: Co-administration enhances glucose uptake, potentially leading to hypoglycemia if not carefully monitored
• Corticosteroids: Can reduce glucose tolerance, necessitating dose adjustment of glucose or monitoring of blood sugar
• Potassium Chloride: Often co-administered to prevent insulin-induced hypokalemia
• Diuretics (loop or thiazide): May exacerbate electrolyte shifts caused by glucose infusions
• Phenytoin and Diazepam: Potentially incompatible due to pH sensitivity—avoid co-administration in the same IV line

Incompatibilities:

• Blood products: Risk of red cell clumping—use separate lines
• Strong alkalis or oxidizing agents: May degrade glucose or precipitate
• Calcium-containing solutions: Can precipitate when mixed with phosphate buffers or bicarbonates

Always consult a pharmacist or compatibility guide before mixing medications with 10% glucose infusions.

Dosage of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Dosage varies depending on the patient’s condition, age, glucose needs, and the purpose of infusion (e.g., treatment of hypoglycemia vs. nutritional support). The 250 mL bag is commonly used for short-duration or targeted infusions.

• Adults: 250–500 mL/day, depending on caloric requirements. Infusion should not exceed 0.5 g/kg/hour.
• Children: Typically 10–20 mL/kg/day. Adjusted based on age and metabolic rate.
• Neonates: Use with caution. Starting doses are often 6–8 mg/kg/min, titrated carefully.

Infusion Rate:

• Administer slowly to avoid hyperglycemia
• Use a controlled infusion device for accuracy, particularly in pediatric or ICU settings
• Do not exceed renal glucose clearance capacity

Always monitor blood glucose levels and adjust dosage based on clinical response, especially in patients with diabetes or impaired glucose metabolism.

Possible side effects of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

While generally well tolerated, adverse reactions may occur, particularly with prolonged or high-rate infusions. Side effects range from local irritation to systemic metabolic disturbances.

• Hyperglycemia: Especially in diabetics or patients with glucose intolerance
• Osmotic Diuresis: Can lead to dehydration and electrolyte loss if glucose load exceeds renal threshold
• Hypokalemia: Resulting from insulin-mediated potassium shift into cells
• Fluid Overload: Pulmonary edema, hypertension, or cardiac stress in volume-sensitive individuals
• Thrombophlebitis: Irritation at the infusion site, particularly with peripheral administration
• Infection: Risk increases with improper aseptic technique or prolonged use of IV sets

Allergic reactions are rare but may occur, including rash, fever, or anaphylaxis. Infusion should be stopped immediately if hypersensitivity is suspected.

10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Contraindications 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

This infusion should not be used in certain medical conditions due to potential complications from hyperglycemia or fluid shifts.

• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
• Severe dehydration with electrolyte imbalance (e.g., hyponatremia)
• Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage (risk of increasing cerebral edema)
• Fluid overload states (e.g., heart failure, pulmonary edema)
• Known hypersensitivity to dextrose or container materials
• Acute ischemic stroke or head trauma—high glucose may worsen outcomes

Special caution is needed in neonates, elderly patients, and those with renal or hepatic impairment. Continuous monitoring is essential in high-risk individuals.

Storage of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Proper storage ensures the sterility and effectiveness of the solution throughout its shelf life.

• Temperature: Store below 25°C (77°F)
• Protect from Light: Keep in the original outer packaging until use
• Do Not Freeze: Freezing may compromise container integrity
• Use Before Expiry: Discard if past the expiration date printed on the packaging
• Inspect Before Use: Do not use if the solution is cloudy, colored, or if the bag is leaking or damaged

Once connected to an IV line, the infusion should be used within 24 hours to prevent contamination. Follow local protocols for disposal of partially used or expired bags.