10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Infusion/Solution for

What is 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

10% w/v Glucose Intravenous Infusion B.P. is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution intended for intravenous administration. It contains 10 grams of glucose (dextrose monohydrate) per 100 mL of water for injection, supplied in a 500 mL plastic bottle. This hypertonic solution is used to provide calories, maintain hydration, manage hypoglycemia, and serve as a vehicle for compatible medications.

• Generic Name: Dextrose Monohydrate
• Strength: 10% weight/volume (10 g per 100 mL)
• Form: Solution for Injection/Infusion
• Packaging: 500 mL plastic bottle with infusion port
• Osmolarity: Approx. 555 mOsm/L – hypertonic

This formulation provides a readily absorbable carbohydrate source for energy production, especially in patients who are unable to consume food orally or who require metabolic support. It is also frequently used:

• In the management of hypoglycemia
• To prevent catabolism in patients who are fasting or post-surgical
• To dilute and administer compatible intravenous medications
• As supportive therapy in dehydration and fluid loss

Due to its high glucose content and hypertonic nature, this infusion should only be used under medical supervision, particularly in patients with diabetes, renal impairment, or electrolyte disturbances.

How to use 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The 10% w/v Glucose IV Infusion should be administered intravenously under sterile conditions and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. The 500 mL bottle is typically used for continuous infusion and can be connected to an infusion pump or gravity drip set.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous (IV) only
• Use Setting: Hospital, emergency care, outpatient infusion centers
• Typical Use: To provide glucose calories, manage hypoglycemia, or serve as a diluent

Instructions for Use:

• Visually inspect the solution before use; discard if cloudy, discolored, or if particulate matter is present
• Use aseptic technique when connecting the IV line
• Administer through a sterile IV set; rate of administration should be controlled using a pump or drip chamber
• Adjust infusion rate based on patient’s glucose tolerance, hydration status, and electrolyte balance
• Monitor the infusion site regularly for signs of phlebitis or infiltration

Monitoring Parameters:

• Blood glucose levels—especially in diabetic or critically ill patients
• Electrolytes (particularly sodium and potassium)
• Signs of fluid overload—such as edema or shortness of breath

Do not co-administer with blood products or medications without confirming compatibility. Always follow institutional guidelines and manufacturer's recommendations for administration.

Mode of Action 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Glucose is a simple sugar that plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism. When administered intravenously, it is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and utilized by body cells to produce energy through metabolic pathways.

• Cellular Uptake: Glucose enters cells primarily via insulin-mediated transport
• Metabolism: It undergoes glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, ultimately generating ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• Storage: Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in liver and muscles or converted to fat in adipose tissue

Physiological functions include:

• Serving as the primary energy source for brain, muscles, and other vital organs
• Preventing protein catabolism by providing a non-protein source of energy
• Maintaining blood glucose levels in patients with hypoglycemia or fasting states
• Promoting fluid movement in the vascular compartment due to its hypertonicity

This mechanism is particularly critical during surgical recovery, prolonged fasting, trauma, or metabolic stress. The high concentration also makes it useful in drawing fluid into the intravascular space, which may aid in stabilizing blood pressure in select cases.

However, excess glucose can lead to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, or osmotic diuresis, especially in patients with underlying metabolic disorders.

10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Interactions 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

While generally safe, 10% Glucose IV Infusion can interact with certain medications or clinical conditions that alter glucose metabolism or fluid balance. Some interactions may impact the effectiveness or safety of therapy.

• Insulin: Co-administration enhances glucose uptake into cells and may require dose adjustment to prevent hypoglycemia.
• Corticosteroids: May reduce glucose tolerance, increasing the risk of hyperglycemia when infused with glucose solutions.
• Loop and Thiazide Diuretics: These can exacerbate electrolyte imbalances, particularly potassium and sodium loss.
• Antiepileptics (e.g., phenytoin): May be incompatible or unstable in glucose solutions—administer separately.
• Electrolyte Additives: Potassium chloride is often added to prevent hypokalemia, especially during prolonged infusions.

Incompatibility Concerns:

• Avoid mixing with blood products due to the risk of red cell aggregation
• Check compatibility charts for IV drug combinations—precipitation or pH instability may occur
• Do not mix with strong alkaline solutions without proper verification

It is essential to consult a pharmacist or refer to compatibility guidelines before combining medications with glucose infusions.

Dosage of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The dosage of 10% Glucose IV Infusion is tailored based on individual clinical needs, body weight, age, and glucose tolerance. The goal is to provide sufficient caloric energy without causing hyperglycemia or fluid overload.

• Adults: Typically 500–1,000 mL/day. In special circumstances, higher volumes may be infused under close supervision.
• Pediatric Patients: Doses range from 10–20 mL/kg/day depending on age and nutritional needs.
• Neonates: Use cautiously, usually in doses of 50–100 mL/kg/day, with strict monitoring of glucose levels.

Maximum Infusion Rate:

• Should not exceed 0.5 g/kg/hour to avoid osmotic diuresis and hyperglycemia
• Infusion should be adjusted based on blood glucose monitoring and metabolic demands

In critically ill or fasting patients, glucose infusions may form part of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), with additional electrolytes, amino acids, and lipids added as required.

Dose adjustments are necessary in patients with diabetes, renal insufficiency, or heart failure to prevent complications.

Possible side effects of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Though generally well tolerated, the administration of 10% Glucose IV Infusion can cause a variety of side effects, especially when used inappropriately or for prolonged durations.

• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood sugar levels, particularly in diabetic or critically ill patients
• Glycosuria and Osmotic Diuresis: Excess glucose may be excreted in urine, leading to dehydration and electrolyte loss
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Especially hypokalemia and hyponatremia if electrolytes are not supplemented
• Fluid Overload: Pulmonary edema, hypertension, or heart failure in predisposed individuals
• Thrombophlebitis: Irritation and inflammation at the IV site, especially with peripheral administration
• Infection: Risk increases with improper handling or prolonged infusion

Rarely, hypersensitivity reactions such as rash, fever, or anaphylaxis may occur. Prompt discontinuation and medical evaluation are warranted if any adverse effects are observed.

10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Contraindications 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

This solution should not be used in certain clinical scenarios due to the risk of exacerbating underlying conditions.

• Severe Hyperglycemia: Especially in uncontrolled diabetic patients without insulin support
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis or Coma: Unless carefully managed with insulin and electrolytes
• Fluid Overload States: Congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, or severe renal failure
• Hypersensitivity: Known allergy to dextrose or any component of the infusion system
• Intracranial or Intraspinal Hemorrhage: Hypertonic solutions can worsen cerebral edema

Use cautiously in elderly patients and those with impaired renal or hepatic function, and always under close monitoring.

Storage of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Proper storage ensures the safety and efficacy of the infusion product. Always follow manufacturer and institutional guidelines.

• Storage Temperature: Store below 25°C (77°F). Avoid freezing.
• Light Sensitivity: Keep away from direct sunlight and fluorescent light
• Container Integrity: Do not use if the plastic bottle is damaged, leaking, or discolored
• Shelf Life: Generally 24–36 months unopened, as indicated on packaging

Once opened or connected to a line, use within 24 hours. Discard any unused portion to prevent contamination.