10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Infusion/Solution for

What is 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

10% w/v Glucose Intravenous Infusion B.P. is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution containing 10 grams of glucose (as dextrose monohydrate) per 100 mL of water for injection. Supplied in a 100 mL plastic infusion bag, it is classified as a hypertonic solution primarily used in clinical settings to provide energy (calories), correct hypoglycemia, and support fluid replacement.

• Generic Name: Dextrose Monohydrate
• Concentration: 10% w/v (10 g per 100 mL)
• Form: Solution for Intravenous Infusion
• Volume: 100 mL Plastic Infusion Bag
• Osmolarity: Approx. 555 mOsm/L
• pH: 3.5 to 6.5 (approximately)

This glucose solution is used for:

• Supplying immediate energy in patients unable to consume calories orally
• Treating or preventing hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels)
• Providing hydration and supporting metabolic needs during fasting or recovery
• Acting as a vehicle for compatible intravenous drugs

It is commonly used in hospitalized patients, especially those undergoing surgery, trauma care, or those with metabolic disturbances. It should always be administered under the supervision of a healthcare provider due to potential risks associated with improper dosing or infusion rates.

How to use 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

This solution is intended for intravenous (IV) administration only. Proper technique and monitoring are essential to ensure safety and efficacy.

• Route: Intravenous infusion, either peripheral or central depending on patient condition and duration of therapy
• Volume per Use: Varies by individual need; can be given as a bolus or continuous infusion
• Frequency: As prescribed; often used once or multiple times daily depending on glucose/calorie needs

Instructions for Use:

• Inspect the bag for clarity, particulate matter, and leaks before use
• Use only sterile equipment when setting up the IV infusion
• Do not use if the solution appears discolored or cloudy
• Regulate the infusion rate using a controlled infusion pump or drip set
• Monitor the infusion site frequently for signs of irritation or infiltration

Monitoring:

• Check blood glucose levels regularly, especially in patients with diabetes or insulin resistance
• Monitor electrolyte levels, particularly sodium and potassium
• Watch for signs of fluid overload (e.g., edema, increased blood pressure)

The solution should not be administered simultaneously with blood products or incompatible drugs. Compatibility and stability with other substances should be confirmed before co-infusion.

Mode of Action 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Dextrose (glucose) is a monosaccharide carbohydrate that serves as the body’s primary source of energy. When administered intravenously, it bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and enters directly into the bloodstream.

• Immediate Absorption: Glucose is rapidly distributed into extracellular fluid and then into cells via insulin-mediated uptake
• Cellular Metabolism: Inside cells, glucose undergoes glycolysis, producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which fuels various cellular functions
• Storage: Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles or converted to fat in adipose tissue

The solution plays critical physiological roles, including:

• Providing caloric energy for basic metabolic needs
• Preventing ketosis and protein catabolism during fasting or post-operative recovery
• Restoring blood glucose levels in hypoglycemic states
• Acting as a carrier for other IV medications that require dilution

In cases of fluid loss, the hypertonic nature of the solution also draws water into the intravascular space, supporting circulatory volume and blood pressure. However, due to its high osmolarity, careful administration is required to avoid vascular irritation or electrolyte imbalances.

10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Interactions 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

While 10% Glucose IV Infusion is generally safe, it may interact with other drugs or conditions that affect glucose metabolism, fluid balance, or electrolyte regulation.

• Insulin: Enhances cellular uptake of glucose. Co-administration may require dose adjustments to avoid hypoglycemia.
• Corticosteroids: May cause hyperglycemia by reducing glucose tolerance. Monitor blood sugar levels closely.
• Diuretics (e.g., furosemide, thiazides): Can increase the risk of electrolyte imbalances when used concurrently.
• Potassium Supplements (e.g., KCl): Often co-administered to prevent hypokalemia caused by insulin-driven potassium shifts.
• Antiepileptics (e.g., phenytoin): May be incompatible due to pH; use separate IV lines or consult compatibility charts.

Incompatibilities may occur with:

• Blood products – avoid simultaneous administration
• Strongly alkaline drugs – may precipitate or inactivate glucose
• Certain antibiotics and electrolytes – stability may be affected

Always consult with a pharmacist or use an IV compatibility resource when planning to mix or co-administer with other medications.

Dosage of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Dosage must be individualized based on the patient’s clinical status, age, weight, and caloric requirements. The goal is to supply adequate glucose while minimizing risks such as hyperglycemia or fluid overload.

• Adults: Usually 500–1000 mL/day, depending on caloric needs and fluid status. Not to exceed 3 g/kg/day unless under strict monitoring.
• Children: Typically 10–20 mL/kg/day; higher doses may be required for energy support in pediatric intensive care.
• Neonates/Infants: 50–100 mL/kg/day; infusion rates should be carefully titrated.

Maximum infusion rate:

• In adults: Not more than 0.5 g/kg/hour to avoid osmotic diuresis or glycosuria
• In children: Slower rates are recommended, especially in neonates due to immature renal function

Dosage must be reduced in patients with diabetes, renal failure, or impaired cardiac function. Monitoring is essential to adjust therapy in real time.

Possible side effects of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Most side effects are dose-related and can be avoided with appropriate monitoring. However, the following adverse reactions may occur:

• Hyperglycemia: Most common in diabetic or insulin-resistant patients
• Glycosuria: Excretion of glucose in urine when renal threshold is exceeded
• Fluid overload: Can lead to pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure in susceptible individuals
• Electrolyte imbalances: Hypokalemia or hyponatremia may develop due to dilution or insulin action
• Phlebitis or thrombophlebitis: Especially if administered through peripheral veins
• Infection risk: From improper handling or contamination of IV lines

Rare allergic reactions such as rash, itching, or anaphylaxis may occur, though these are extremely uncommon. Any signs of discomfort, swelling, or difficulty breathing should prompt immediate medical evaluation.

10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Contraindications 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

This solution is contraindicated in several conditions where its administration may worsen the patient’s status:

• Severe hyperglycemia without concurrent insulin therapy
• Diabetic coma if not under control
• Severe dehydration with electrolyte imbalance (e.g., hyponatremia)
• Fluid overload states: Congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, or anuria
• Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage: Hyperosmolar solutions may exacerbate cerebral edema
• Allergy or intolerance to dextrose or components of the infusion bag

Caution is also advised in patients with renal impairment, liver dysfunction, or those at risk of refeeding syndrome.

Storage of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

To preserve the safety and effectiveness of the product, proper storage conditions must be maintained:

• Storage Temperature: Store below 25°C (77°F). Do not freeze.
• Light Protection: Protect from direct sunlight. Store in the original outer carton.
• Shelf Life: Typically 24–36 months unopened, depending on manufacturer
• Do Not Use If: Solution is cloudy, contains precipitate, or the bag is leaking

Once opened or connected to an IV line, the infusion should be completed within 24 hours. Discard any unused portion. Always follow institutional and manufacturer guidelines for handling and disposal.