10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Infusion/Solution for

What is 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

10% w/v Glucose Intravenous Infusion B.P. is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution containing 10 grams of glucose (dextrose monohydrate) per 100 mL of water. It is primarily used for parenteral administration to provide energy, correct hypoglycemia, and maintain fluid balance in patients who are unable to eat or drink adequately. Supplied in a 50 mL plastic bag, this solution is commonly used in clinical settings such as hospitals and emergency care.

• Generic Name: Dextrose (Glucose Monohydrate)
• Form: Injection/Solution for infusion
• Concentration: 10% w/v (10 grams/100 mL)
• Osmolarity: Approx. 555 mOsm/L (hypertonic solution)

It is classified as a carbohydrate-containing intravenous solution and is often used for:

• Providing a quick source of energy (calories) in malnourished patients
• Managing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• Supporting patients during fluid loss or post-operative recovery
• Acting as a carrier for certain IV medications

The use of this solution should always be under medical supervision, particularly in individuals with diabetes or other metabolic conditions. The infusion may be used alone or combined with other electrolytes depending on the patient's specific clinical needs.

How to use 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The administration of 10% w/v Glucose Intravenous Infusion B.P. must be guided by a healthcare professional. It is given intravenously, typically via a peripheral or central line, depending on the patient’s condition and duration of therapy.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous (IV)
• Frequency: As directed by a physician based on individual patient needs
• Duration: Can vary from a few hours to continuous infusion over days

Steps for Proper Use:

• Inspect the bag for leaks, cloudiness, or particulate matter. Discard if found.
• Use aseptic technique when connecting the bag to an IV line.
• Monitor the infusion site for signs of phlebitis, infiltration, or infection.
• Adjust the infusion rate depending on blood glucose levels, hydration status, and electrolyte balance.
• Do not administer simultaneously with blood products due to the risk of pseudo-agglutination.

Continuous monitoring is crucial, especially in vulnerable populations such as neonates, elderly patients, or individuals with renal or cardiac impairment. Ensure appropriate laboratory testing is done to monitor electrolyte levels and glucose concentrations during prolonged therapy.

Mode of Action 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The main pharmacological action of 10% w/v Glucose IV Infusion is to provide a readily available source of glucose, which is the body’s primary fuel. After administration, dextrose is rapidly absorbed and distributed across body tissues, where it enters metabolic pathways that generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

• Cellular Uptake: Glucose is taken up by cells through facilitated diffusion, mainly mediated by insulin.
• Energy Metabolism: Inside cells, glucose undergoes glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to generate energy.
• Anabolic Role: Excess glucose is converted to glycogen (liver/muscle) or fat (adipose tissue) for storage.

By supplying glucose, the infusion:

• Prevents muscle and protein breakdown in catabolic states
• Restores depleted glycogen stores in fasting or post-operative patients
• Maintains blood glucose levels during periods of hypoglycemia
• Contributes to fluid volume expansion in dehydrated patients

This hypertonic solution can also draw water into the intravascular space, aiding in managing low blood pressure due to fluid loss. The infusion’s metabolic effects may vary depending on individual patient conditions such as insulin resistance or underlying endocrine disorders.

10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Interactions 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Although 10% Glucose Infusion is generally safe, it can interact with certain medications or clinical conditions. Most interactions involve effects on fluid balance, blood glucose regulation, or compatibility with other IV medications.

• Insulin: Enhances cellular glucose uptake; dose adjustments may be required when co-administered to avoid hypoglycemia.
• Diuretics: Especially loop and thiazide diuretics can cause electrolyte disturbances, which may be compounded by glucose infusion.
• Phenytoin: May be incompatible due to pH or solubility differences; use separate infusion lines if needed.
• Potassium Chloride (KCl): Commonly co-infused with glucose solutions to correct hypokalemia; monitor serum potassium closely.
• Corticosteroids: May reduce glucose tolerance, requiring dose modifications in diabetic patients receiving steroids.

Always consult compatibility charts before mixing glucose infusions with other intravenous medications, and avoid combining it with blood products or highly alkaline drugs due to the risk of precipitation or hemolysis.

Dosage of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Dosage depends on patient-specific factors such as age, body weight, clinical condition, and desired glucose/calorie intake. The goal is to maintain normoglycemia while avoiding fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances.

• Adults: Typically, 500 mL to 1,000 mL per day, not exceeding 3,000 mL in most cases unless otherwise indicated.
• Children: Dosage is weight-based. Generally, 10-20 mL/kg/day, depending on nutritional and fluid requirements.
• Neonates: May require 50–100 mL/kg/day. Infusion should be carefully titrated to avoid hyperglycemia.

Maximum Administration Rate:

• Should not exceed 0.5 g/kg/hour in adults to prevent glycosuria and hyperosmolar states.
• Slow infusion preferred in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or at risk for refeeding syndrome.

Adjustments must be made based on laboratory results (glucose, electrolytes, renal function) and clinical status. Monitor closely in patients with diabetes mellitus, renal failure, or heart disease.

Possible side effects of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

While generally safe when used correctly, 10% Glucose IV Infusion may cause adverse effects, particularly with prolonged use or high infusion rates.

• Hyperglycemia: Most common in diabetic patients or if infused too rapidly.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, or dilutional acidosis due to glucose metabolism and fluid shifts.
• Fluid Overload: May cause pulmonary edema, hypertension, or heart failure, especially in renal-compromised patients.
• Phlebitis: Inflammation at the infusion site, especially if infused via peripheral lines.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare but can occur. Symptoms may include rash, fever, or anaphylaxis.

If any signs of adverse reactions occur, the infusion should be stopped immediately, and the patient assessed. Regular monitoring of blood glucose and electrolytes helps mitigate most side effects.

10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Contraindications 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

This medication should not be used in certain clinical scenarios due to the risk of severe complications.

• Severe Hyperglycemia: Including diabetic coma not under control with insulin.
• Intracranial or Intraspinal Hemorrhage: Glucose-containing solutions can exacerbate brain edema.
• Uncorrected Electrolyte Imbalance: Such as hyponatremia or hypokalemia without concurrent supplementation.
• Fluid Overload Conditions: Such as heart failure or severe renal impairment.
• Known Hypersensitivity: To dextrose or any component of the infusion bag.

Caution is also advised in patients at risk for refeeding syndrome, where aggressive glucose administration can trigger dangerous metabolic shifts.

Storage of 10% w/v GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Proper storage of the solution is critical to ensure sterility and effectiveness.

• Temperature: Store below 25°C (77°F). Do not freeze.
• Light Sensitivity: Protect from direct sunlight.
• Shelf Life: Refer to manufacturer labeling, typically 24–36 months unopened.
• Container Integrity: Do not use if the bag is damaged or leaking.

Once opened or connected to an infusion set, use within 24 hours to minimize the risk of microbial contamination. Discard any unused portion. Always check expiry date and product clarity before use.