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Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Cross-linked Hyaluronic Acid (HA)is available in the market in concentration

Name

Sodium Cromoglycate (Cromoglicic acid)

Precaution

Before using **Sodium Cromoglycate** (also known as **Cromoglicic acid**), it is crucial for patients to consult their healthcare provider to ensure the medication is appropriate for their condition. This medication is often used in the management of allergic conditions, but there are several precautions to consider: - **Hypersensitivity Reactions**: Patients with a known allergy to cromoglycate or other **cromones** should avoid this medication. Rarely, it may cause **local irritation** or systemic allergic reactions such as **rash**, **itching**, or **difficulty breathing**. Immediate discontinuation and consultation with a doctor are advised if these symptoms occur. - **Asthma**: While cromoglycate is effective for asthma management, it is not suitable for the **acute treatment of asthma attacks**. It should be used as a **preventative treatment**. Patients with **acute asthma exacerbations** should use fast-acting medications like **beta-agonists** (e.g., **salbutamol**) instead. - **Pregnancy and Lactation**: The safety of cromoglycate during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been fully established. It should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or infant. Patients must consult their doctor before using it in these situations. - **Children**: In children, the use of cromoglycate should be based on the recommendation of a healthcare provider. The drug is typically used for conditions such as **allergic rhinitis** or **asthma** in pediatric populations but should be given with caution, especially in younger children. - **Renal and Hepatic Impairment**: While there is no specific contraindication in cases of renal or hepatic dysfunction, adjustments may be necessary. Regular monitoring is recommended for these patients.

Indication

**Sodium Cromoglycate** is primarily used in the treatment of various **allergic** conditions and as a **preventative** agent. Key indications include: - **Asthma**: Sodium cromoglycate is used as a **prophylactic** treatment for asthma, particularly in patients with **chronic asthma**. It works by preventing the release of **inflammatory mediators** from **mast cells**, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of asthma attacks. - **Allergic Rhinitis**: This medication is also used to treat **allergic rhinitis** by preventing the release of histamine and other inflammatory substances triggered by allergens, thereby reducing **nasal symptoms** such as **sneezing**, **runny nose**, and **itchiness**. - **Conjunctivitis (Allergic)**: Sodium cromoglycate can be used to treat **allergic conjunctivitis** (also known as **eye allergy**), where it reduces inflammation and prevents symptoms such as **itching**, **redness**, and **watering** of the eyes. - **Mast Cell Stabilizer**: In certain conditions, cromoglycate may be used to stabilize **mast cells** in the body, preventing them from releasing **histamines** and other chemicals that cause inflammation in allergic responses.

Contra indication

The use of **Sodium Cromoglycate** should be avoided in the following circumstances: - **Known Hypersensitivity**: It is contraindicated in individuals who are hypersensitive to **sodium cromoglycate** or any of its components. Severe allergic reactions such as **angioedema** or **anaphylaxis** may occur in sensitive individuals. - **Acute Asthma Attacks**: This medication should **not be used** to treat **acute asthma exacerbations** or **asthma attacks**. Cromoglycate does not provide rapid relief of bronchospasm and should not be used for acute symptom control. - **Pregnancy**: While generally considered safe in some cases, the **safety profile** during pregnancy is not fully established. It is generally recommended to avoid use unless deemed absolutely necessary by a healthcare provider. - **Breastfeeding**: Sodium cromoglycate is excreted in breast milk in small amounts, so the use during breastfeeding should be approached with caution. Consult a healthcare provider for further advice in this situation. - **Severe Liver or Kidney Impairment**: There is limited evidence on the safety of cromoglycate in severe liver or kidney impairment, so it is advised to use this medication with caution in these patients.

Side Effect

While **Sodium Cromoglycate** is well tolerated in many patients, some side effects can occur, including: - **Local Irritation**: Common side effects include **throat irritation**, **dry mouth**, or **coughing** when inhaled. Patients may also experience mild **burning** or **stinging** when used in the eyes for conjunctivitis. - **Gastrointestinal Discomfort**: Some individuals may experience **nausea**, **vomiting**, or **stomach cramps**. - **Headache**: This is a common side effect, particularly when starting treatment or when doses are adjusted. - **Allergic Reactions**: Although rare, some patients may develop an allergic reaction to cromoglycate, such as **hives**, **rash**, or **swelling of the lips, tongue, or face**. In rare cases, severe reactions like **anaphylaxis** can occur and require immediate medical attention. - **Respiratory Effects**: When used for asthma, rare side effects like **wheezing** or **shortness of breath** may occur. This can be indicative of paradoxical bronchospasm, a rare but serious complication. - **Fatigue or Dizziness**: Some individuals may feel tired or dizzy after using this medication, particularly with long-term use. - **Eye Symptoms**: When used as an eye drop, possible side effects include **eye irritation**, **dryness**, or **blurred vision**. Patients should report any severe or persistent side effects to their healthcare provider.

Pregnancy Category ID

2

Mode of Action

Sodium Cromoglycate works primarily as a **mast cell stabilizer**, which helps to prevent the release of **histamine**, **leukotrienes**, and other **pro-inflammatory mediators** from mast cells. These mediators are responsible for initiating the inflammatory responses in allergic conditions like **asthma**, **allergic rhinitis**, and **conjunctivitis**. - **Mast Cell Stabilization**: By stabilizing the mast cells, cromoglycate prevents the degranulation of these cells, which reduces **inflammation**, **bronchoconstriction**, and other allergic symptoms. - **Anti-inflammatory Action**: Cromoglycate reduces the overall **immune response** to allergens, thereby minimizing the inflammatory cascade that leads to symptoms such as **sneezing**, **runny nose**, **watery eyes**, or **wheezing** in asthma. - **No Direct Bronchodilation**: Unlike beta-agonists, cromoglycate does not directly open the airways. Its role is purely preventative by stopping the underlying allergic response from occurring, especially with regular use. - **Inhibition of Allergic Mediator Release**: It blocks the release of **histamines**, **prostaglandins**, and **leukotrienes**, substances that trigger allergic symptoms in the body.

Interaction

Sodium cromoglycate has a relatively low potential for interacting with other medications. However, potential interactions include: - **Other Respiratory Medications**: When used alongside **bronchodilators** or **corticosteroids** for asthma, sodium cromoglycate may **enhance** their effect in preventing asthma attacks. However, patients must be monitored for side effects associated with the other medications, such as **tachycardia** or **oral thrush** from corticosteroids. - **Antihistamines**: While there is no major drug interaction with **antihistamines**, they may be used in conjunction with sodium cromoglycate for better control of **allergic rhinitis** and **allergic conjunctivitis**. There is no known major drug interaction between the two. - **Theophylline**: There is no significant drug interaction with **theophylline**, a medication used for asthma, but simultaneous use requires regular monitoring to ensure that **serum levels** of theophylline stay within the therapeutic range.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

- **For Asthma**: Sodium cromoglycate is typically inhaled as a **nebulizer solution** or via an **inhaler**. The usual adult dosage is **20 mg** of sodium cromoglycate, inhaled **4 times daily**. The inhalations are generally spaced evenly throughout the day. - **For Allergic Rhinitis**: The recommended dose is typically **1-2 sprays per nostril** up to **4 times daily** for adults, depending on the severity of symptoms. - **For Allergic Conjunctivitis**: A typical dosage involves **1-2 drops in each eye**, **4-6 times daily**, depending on symptom severity.

Child Dose

For children, the dosage is typically adjusted according to weight and age. Sodium cromoglycate is usually well tolerated, but the specific dose for pediatric patients should be determined by a healthcare provider. - **For Asthma**: The usual pediatric dose is **1 spray or 1 inhalation** (20 mg) **four times daily**, or as directed by the healthcare provider. - **For Allergic Rhinitis or Conjunctivitis**: Children aged **2 years and above** may use the medication in the same dosages as adults, though exact dosing should be individualized by age and the severity of symptoms. In all cases, consulting with a healthcare provider is essential before starting treatment, particularly for pediatric patients, to ensure the safety and appropriateness of the medication.

Renal Dose

In cases of **renal impairment**, sodium cromoglycate does not typically require major adjustments. However, close monitoring of kidney function should be done, especially in patients with **severe renal impairment**. The **elimination** of the drug may be slower in these patients, potentially increasing the risk of side effects.

Administration

Information not available