ISENTRESS 400mg Price

Overview

Welcome to Dwaey, specifically on ISENTRESS 400mg page.
This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Raltegravir (as potassium salt)is available in the market in concentration

Name

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 5% + Tropicamide 0.8% Eye prep

Precaution

Before using the combination eye preparation containing **Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 5%** and **Tropicamide 0.8%**, **always consult with a healthcare provider** to ensure that this medication is suitable for your condition. Key precautions include: - **Pre-existing Eye Conditions**: Individuals with **narrow-angle glaucoma** should avoid using this eye preparation as Phenylephrine can increase intraocular pressure, which can worsen the condition. - **Cardiovascular Health**: **Phenylephrine** is a sympathomimetic drug that can cause an increase in blood pressure, so caution is needed in patients with **hypertension**, **cardiovascular disease**, or **arrhythmias**. - **Pregnancy and Lactation**: While this combination is generally considered safe during pregnancy (Category C), **always consult with a healthcare provider** before use to weigh potential risks and benefits. The safety during breastfeeding is not well-established, so it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider before use. - **Elderly Patients**: Older adults may be more sensitive to the cardiovascular effects of Phenylephrine. **Consult a healthcare provider** for proper evaluation of risks before using this medication. - **Systemic Absorption**: Although the medication is applied topically, **systemic absorption** can occur, particularly with frequent or prolonged use. Monitoring is essential, especially for those with **kidney or liver dysfunction**. - **Pupillary Dilation**: After application, **Tropicamide** causes dilation of the pupils, which may impair vision and make the eyes more sensitive to light. Patients should avoid driving or engaging in activities that require clear vision immediately after using the drops.

Indication

This eye preparation is commonly prescribed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. **Always consult with a healthcare provider** to confirm that this combination is appropriate for your condition. Its indications include: - **Pupil Dilation**: The primary indication is to induce **mydriasis** (pupil dilation) for **eye examinations**, such as during a **fundus** or **retinal exam**, allowing the healthcare provider to clearly view the internal structures of the eye. - **Cycloplegia**: The combination of Phenylephrine and Tropicamide also **paralyzes the accommodation reflex** (cycloplegia), which is useful in testing for refractive errors and diagnosing conditions like **heterophoria** or **strabismus**. - **Relief of Ocular Inflammation**: Phenylephrine can help reduce redness and congestion in certain cases of **ocular inflammation**, although it is not the first-line treatment for such conditions. - **Preoperative Use**: This medication is sometimes used before eye surgery to facilitate a clearer view of the eye structures and ensure proper surgical planning.

Contra indication

Certain individuals should avoid using this combination eye preparation to minimize risks. **Always consult with a healthcare provider** to determine if this medication is appropriate for you. Contraindications include: - **Hypersensitivity**: This medication should not be used in individuals who have a known hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to any of the active ingredients, including **Phenylephrine** and **Tropicamide**. - **Narrow-Angle Glaucoma**: Phenylephrine can increase intraocular pressure and worsen conditions like **narrow-angle glaucoma** or **angle-closure glaucoma**. - **Severe Cardiovascular Disease**: This combination eye preparation is contraindicated for individuals with **severe hypertension**, **arrhythmias**, or **severe heart disease**, as **Phenylephrine** can exacerbate these conditions. - **Thyroid Disease**: Patients with hyperthyroidism should avoid this medication, as the use of **Phenylephrine** can lead to increased sensitivity to its sympathomimetic effects. - **Pediatric Use**: This preparation is generally **not recommended for children** under 3 years old, due to the risk of severe side effects from **Phenylephrine**.

Side Effect

This combination eye preparation can cause a range of mild to severe side effects. **Always consult with a healthcare provider** if any adverse effects are concerning or persistent. Possible side effects include: - **Common Side Effects**: - **Mild stinging or burning sensation** upon application - **Temporary blurred vision** or difficulty focusing, especially due to pupil dilation - **Dryness or irritation** in the eyes - **Increased sensitivity to light** (photophobia), particularly after pupil dilation - **Temporary redness** or irritation in the eye - **Severe Side Effects**: - **Severe allergic reactions** (e.g., swelling, hives, difficulty breathing) - **Increased intraocular pressure** (especially in patients with glaucoma) - **Hypertension, tachycardia**, or other cardiovascular symptoms due to systemic absorption of **Phenylephrine** - **Headache, dizziness**, or lightheadedness from the systemic effects of **Phenylephrine** - **Eye infection** if the dropper or bottle becomes contaminated Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience severe symptoms such as allergic reactions, signs of elevated intraocular pressure, or cardiovascular distress.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

This eye preparation works by combining the actions of **Phenylephrine** and **Tropicamide** to induce pupil dilation and provide temporary relief from ocular congestion. **Always consult with a healthcare provider** to understand how this medication will specifically work in your condition. Its mode of action includes: - **Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (5%)**: A **sympathomimetic** drug that works by stimulating alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the eye’s blood vessels, causing **vasoconstriction** and leading to **pupil dilation** (mydriasis). It also reduces redness in the eye by constricting blood vessels in the conjunctiva. - **Tropicamide (0.8%)**: An **anticholinergic** agent that blocks the muscarinic receptors in the iris sphincter muscle, resulting in **pupil dilation** (mydriasis). It also **paralyzes the ciliary muscle**, which inhibits accommodation and aids in refractive error testing. Together, these two active ingredients provide a quick and effective means of dilating the pupils for diagnostic purposes while also helping with ocular redness relief.

Interaction

Certain medications and substances may interact with **Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 5%** and **Tropicamide 0.8%**, affecting their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. **Always consult with a healthcare provider** before using this medication if you are taking other drugs. Key interactions include: - **Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)**: **Phenylephrine** may interact with MAOIs (e.g., phenelzine, tranylcypromine), leading to an increase in blood pressure and the risk of a hypertensive crisis. - **Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)**: These drugs can increase the vasoconstrictive effects of **Phenylephrine**, leading to potential cardiovascular side effects. - **Beta-blockers and Other Antihypertensive Medications**: **Phenylephrine** can negate the effects of blood pressure-lowering medications, leading to elevated blood pressure. - **Other Sympathomimetics**: Combining **Phenylephrine** with other sympathomimetic drugs (e.g., decongestants) may increase the risk of excessive cardiovascular stimulation, such as increased heart rate or elevated blood pressure. - **Anticholinergic Drugs**: Since **Tropicamide** is an anticholinergic agent, it may interact with other anticholinergic drugs, potentially leading to increased side effects like dry mouth, blurred vision, and urinary retention. - **Alcohol**: While alcohol does not directly interact with this eye preparation, it may exacerbate dizziness, drowsiness, and light sensitivity caused by the medication.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The recommended dosage for this combination eye preparation will depend on the specific condition being treated. **Always consult with a healthcare provider** to determine the appropriate dosage for your individual needs. Typically: - **For Pupil Dilation (mydriasis)**: - **Instill 1-2 drops** of the eye preparation into the affected eye(s) 15-30 minutes before an eye examination. - The effect generally lasts 4-6 hours. - **For Cycloplegia**: - **Instill 1-2 drops** and repeat every 5-10 minutes if necessary for complete cycloplegia before refractive error testing.

Child Dose

This combination eye preparation is generally **not recommended** for children under 3 years old due to the risk of severe side effects from **Phenylephrine**. **Always consult with a healthcare provider** before administering this medication to children. In older children, typical dosing may involve: - **1 drop** in the affected eye(s), with potential repeated doses after 5-10 minutes if necessary. The use in pediatric patients should be closely monitored to avoid excessive systemic absorption or side effects. --- This comprehensive guide emphasizes the importance of **consulting with a healthcare provider** before starting treatment with **Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 5% + Tropicamide 0.8%** eye preparation, ensuring its safe and effective use.

Renal Dose

In patients with **renal impairment**, this combination eye preparation is typically used with caution due to the systemic absorption of **Phenylephrine**. **Always consult with a healthcare provider** for appropriate dose adjustments based on the patient's kidney function. - Renal impairment may necessitate **lower doses** or **less frequent use**, particularly for patients with moderate to severe renal disease.

Administration

Information not available