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Overview

Welcome to Dwaey, specifically on DOVATO 50mg/300mg page.
This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Dolutegravir / Lamivudineis available in the market in concentration

Name

Insulin Aspart Biphasic

Precaution

Before starting **Insulin Aspart Biphasic**, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider, particularly in the following situations: - **Hypoglycemia Risk**: Insulin Aspart Biphasic, like all insulin formulations, can cause **hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)**, which can result in symptoms like dizziness, confusion, sweating, and shaking. Close monitoring of blood sugar is necessary to prevent dangerous drops, especially during periods of increased activity or changes in diet. - **Pregnancy and Lactation**: Insulin Aspart Biphasic is generally considered **safe for use during pregnancy** to control blood sugar in individuals with diabetes. However, insulin requirements may change throughout pregnancy, so blood glucose should be monitored more frequently. It is also **safe during breastfeeding**, as it does not significantly pass into breast milk. - **Renal and Hepatic Impairment**: Patients with **kidney or liver disease** may need to adjust the insulin dosage, as these conditions can affect insulin metabolism and clearance, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. - **Hypersensitivity**: Some individuals may experience an allergic reaction to insulin aspart or its components, resulting in redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site. In rare cases, systemic allergic reactions may occur, requiring immediate medical attention. - **Other Medications**: Insulin Aspart Biphasic can interact with various medications, including **oral hypoglycemic agents**, **steroids**, and **beta-blockers**. These interactions can either increase or decrease blood sugar levels, so frequent monitoring of blood glucose is essential when combining insulin with other drugs.

Indication

Insulin Aspart Biphasic is indicated for the management of **diabetes mellitus**, specifically for patients who require both **prandial** and **basal insulin coverage**: - **Type 1 Diabetes**: Insulin Aspart Biphasic is used to control blood glucose in individuals with **Type 1 diabetes** who have insufficient insulin production and require both **mealtime and basal insulin coverage**. It is a combination of **rapid-acting insulin (Insulin Aspart)** and **intermediate-acting insulin** to control blood glucose throughout the day and night. - **Type 2 Diabetes**: It is also used in patients with **Type 2 diabetes** who have insufficient control of blood sugar with **oral medications** and need insulin to maintain **glycemic control**. Insulin Aspart Biphasic provides a **fixed combination** to manage both fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels. - **Hospital Use**: Insulin Aspart Biphasic can also be used in hospital settings, particularly when patients with diabetes require **mealtime and basal insulin coverage** while recovering from acute illness or undergoing surgery.

Contra indication

Insulin Aspart Biphasic is contraindicated in the following conditions: - **Hypoglycemia**: It should not be used in individuals who are **hypoglycemic** or have severely low blood sugar, as insulin administration will exacerbate the condition. - **Hypersensitivity**: Contraindicated in patients with a known **allergic reaction** to **insulin aspart** or any of the components in the formulation. - **Severe Renal or Hepatic Impairment**: It is contraindicated in individuals with **severe kidney or liver dysfunction**, as insulin metabolism can be impaired, leading to higher risk for adverse effects such as hypoglycemia. - **Diabetic Ketoacidosis**: Insulin Aspart Biphasic should not be used in patients with **diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)**, as insulin therapy alone is insufficient for managing this condition. DKA requires aggressive treatment with intravenous insulin and fluids.

Side Effect

Insulin Aspart Biphasic can lead to various side effects. These can be **common** or **serious**, and not every patient will experience them: - **Common Side Effects**: - **Hypoglycemia**: The most significant side effect, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, sweating, confusion, headache, and trembling. Severe hypoglycemia can lead to seizures or loss of consciousness. - **Injection Site Reactions**: **Redness**, **swelling**, or **itching** at the site of insulin injection. This is usually mild and resolves on its own. - **Weight Gain**: Insulin therapy can lead to **weight gain**, as insulin promotes glucose storage in fat tissue. - **Edema**: **Fluid retention** or swelling, especially in the legs or feet, is another common side effect. - **Serious Side Effects**: - **Severe Hypoglycemia**: If not treated promptly, severe low blood sugar can cause **seizures**, **unconsciousness**, or even death. Immediate treatment with glucose is required in such cases. - **Allergic Reactions**: Although rare, serious allergic reactions can occur, including **difficulty breathing**, **rash**, **swelling of the throat**, or **anaphylaxis**. Patients should seek immediate medical attention if these symptoms occur. - **Lipodystrophy**: Prolonged use of insulin injections in the same site can lead to **lipohypertrophy** (fat accumulation) or **lipoatrophy** (fat loss), which can affect insulin absorption. - **Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)**: Inadequate insulin control may lead to **diabetic ketoacidosis**, especially if insulin doses are missed or incorrect.

Pregnancy Category ID

2

Mode of Action

Insulin Aspart Biphasic is a **combination insulin** that includes both **rapid-acting insulin** (Insulin Aspart) and **intermediate-acting insulin** (NPH insulin). The mechanism of action works as follows: - **Rapid-Acting Component (Insulin Aspart)**: The **Insulin Aspart** component acts quickly after injection, typically within **15 minutes**, to lower blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage, primarily in muscle, liver, and fat cells. - **Intermediate-Acting Component (NPH Insulin)**: The **NPH** component provides a **longer duration of action**, with peak effects typically occurring within **4–6 hours**. It helps control blood sugar levels throughout the day and night, maintaining **basal insulin levels**. - **Overall Effect**: The biphasic nature of the insulin combination ensures that both **mealtime (prandial)** and **basal insulin coverage** are provided in one injection. This allows for **improved glucose control** throughout the day, with a **rapid onset** to manage postprandial glucose spikes and a **longer duration** to maintain stable glucose levels in between meals and overnight.

Interaction

Several medications can interact with **Insulin Aspart Biphasic**, altering its efficacy and safety: - **Beta-Blockers**: **Beta-blockers** (e.g., propranolol, atenolol) can **mask symptoms of hypoglycemia** (such as tremors and palpitations), making it harder for patients to detect low blood sugar. Additionally, they may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. - **Corticosteroids**: **Corticosteroids** (e.g., prednisone) may increase blood glucose levels, requiring higher insulin doses to maintain control. - **Oral Hypoglycemics**: When used in combination with **oral antidiabetic drugs** (e.g., **sulfonylureas**, **metformin**), there may be a **greater risk of hypoglycemia**, especially if food intake is reduced or exercise is increased. - **Diuretics**: Certain **diuretics** (e.g., thiazides, furosemide) may increase blood sugar levels, potentially leading to **insulin resistance** and requiring adjustments in insulin therapy. - **Alcohol**: **Alcohol** can interfere with blood sugar regulation, potentially enhancing the risk of hypoglycemia or causing fluctuations in blood glucose. Patients should monitor their blood glucose levels more carefully when consuming alcohol. - **Thyroid Medications**: Medications that affect thyroid function, such as **levothyroxine**, may influence the required dose of insulin to maintain blood glucose levels.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The typical **starting dose** of **Insulin Aspart Biphasic** varies depending on the individual’s blood glucose levels, body weight, and insulin requirements. The general recommendations are: - **Type 1 Diabetes**: The starting dose is often **0.5 to 1.0 units per kg body weight per day**, divided into **two daily doses** (morning and evening). It may require adjustments based on blood glucose levels and diet. - **Type 2 Diabetes**: In Type 2 diabetes, the starting dose is typically **10 units per day**, administered **twice daily** before meals. This can be adjusted based on blood glucose monitoring. The exact dosage should be tailored by a healthcare provider based on individual needs.

Child Dose

**Insulin Aspart Biphasic** can be used in children aged **2 years and older**, with doses adjusted based on **body weight** and **blood glucose levels**: - **Type 1 Diabetes**: A starting dose is typically **0.5–1.0 units per kg body weight per day**, divided into **two doses** (morning and evening). Doses are tailored to the child’s blood glucose control, growth, and activity level. - **Type 2 Diabetes**: Similar to adults, starting doses may begin at **10 units daily**, divided into **two doses** before meals. It is essential to monitor blood glucose levels closely. As with all insulin therapies, **frequent monitoring** and dose adjustments are required in children to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Renal Dose

For patients with **renal impairment**, the dose of **Insulin Aspart Biphasic** may need to be adjusted. Reduced kidney function can delay insulin clearance, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Regular blood glucose monitoring is essential, and healthcare providers should consider adjusting insulin doses in patients with **mild to moderate renal impairment**. **Severe renal impairment** may require significant dose reductions.

Administration

Information not available