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Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Dimenhydrinateis available in the market in concentration

Name

Varicella Zoster Virus (live attenuated) Vaccine

Precaution

Before receiving the **Varicella Zoster Virus (live attenuated)** vaccine, it is crucial for patients to consult their healthcare provider to ensure it is appropriate for their specific medical condition. This vaccine contains a weakened form of the **varicella zoster virus**, which causes chickenpox and shingles. Key precautions include: - **Pregnancy**: This vaccine should not be given to pregnant women. Pregnancy should be avoided for at least 28 days after vaccination. Pregnant women are advised not to receive live vaccines due to the potential risk of harming the fetus. - **Immunocompromised Patients**: Individuals with weakened immune systems (e.g., those with **HIV**, **cancer**, undergoing **chemotherapy**, or those taking **immunosuppressive drugs**) should avoid the vaccine. Live vaccines can pose a risk to these patients by potentially causing illness. - **Active Infection**: If the person is ill with a moderate to severe infection or has a fever, vaccination should be postponed until they recover. - **Allergies**: If a patient has a known allergy to any component of the vaccine (such as **gelatin**, **neomycin**, or any other ingredient), it is important to inform the healthcare provider to avoid adverse reactions. - **Immunoglobulin Use**: The vaccine should be given before the use of immunoglobulins or **blood products**, as these can reduce the efficacy of the vaccine.

Indication

The **Varicella Zoster Virus (live attenuated)** vaccine is used for the prevention of **varicella** (chickenpox) and to reduce the risk of **shingles** in adults. It is recommended in the following scenarios: - **Primary Prevention of Chickenpox**: The vaccine is typically given to children, adolescents, and adults who have never had chickenpox or received the vaccine before. It is commonly administered in childhood as part of the routine vaccination schedule, usually at age **12-15 months**, with a second dose given at age **4-6 years**. - **Shingles Prevention**: The vaccine is also used in older adults (usually **60 years and older**) to reduce the risk of **shingles** (herpes zoster) and the complications associated with it, such as **postherpetic neuralgia**. The vaccine is recommended even for those who have previously had chickenpox, as it boosts immunity and reduces the risk of shingles. - **Post-exposure Prophylaxis**: In some cases, the vaccine may be administered after exposure to the virus to prevent the development of chickenpox, especially in people who are at high risk of complications.

Contra indication

The **Varicella Zoster Virus (live attenuated)** vaccine should not be administered under the following circumstances: - **Pregnancy**: Pregnant women should not receive this live vaccine due to the potential risk to the fetus. - **Immunocompromised Individuals**: People with conditions such as **HIV**, **cancer**, **leukemia**, or who are on **immunosuppressive therapy** should not receive the vaccine, as their immune systems may not handle a live attenuated vaccine properly. - **Severe Allergic Reactions**: The vaccine should not be given to anyone who has a history of severe allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any component of the vaccine, such as **neomycin** or **gelatin**. - **Active Chickenpox or Shingles**: Individuals who already have **active varicella zoster** infection should not be vaccinated until they have recovered. - **Severe Acute Illness**: People with a moderate or severe illness (with or without a fever) should wait until they have fully recovered before receiving the vaccine.

Side Effect

While the **Varicella Zoster Virus (live attenuated)** vaccine is generally safe, it can cause mild to moderate side effects. Common side effects include: - **Local Reactions**: - Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site. - **Soreness** or **tenderness** at the injection site. - **Systemic Reactions**: - **Fever**, usually low-grade, which can occur within a few days after vaccination. - **Rash**: A mild rash resembling chickenpox may develop at the injection site or elsewhere on the body. - **Fatigue** and general discomfort. - **Headache**. - **Severe Reactions** (rare but possible): - **Severe allergic reactions** (e.g., **anaphylaxis**) – Although rare, any signs of a severe allergic reaction (e.g., difficulty breathing, hives, swelling of the face or throat) require immediate medical attention. - **Severe Rash**: Rarely, individuals may develop a widespread rash or **vaccine-associated varicella** (chickenpox-like rash), particularly in immunocompromised individuals. - **Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)**: There is an extremely rare risk of developing **Guillain-Barré syndrome**, a condition that causes muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. - **Neurological complications**: Very rare instances of **encephalitis** (brain inflammation) or **seizures** may occur. Most side effects are self-limiting and resolve within a few days. However, if severe reactions occur, such as difficulty breathing or swelling of the face, seek immediate medical attention.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

The **Varicella Zoster Virus (live attenuated)** vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to produce a protective immune response without causing the disease. The vaccine contains a **weakened** (attenuated) form of the **varicella zoster virus**. When administered, it prompts the body to produce **antibodies** against the virus. These antibodies provide immunity and help the body recognize and fight the virus if it is encountered again in the future, thereby preventing the development of chickenpox or shingles. The vaccine does not cause full-blown chickenpox but can result in a mild form of the disease or mild symptoms in some cases.

Interaction

Certain medications and conditions can interact with the **Varicella Zoster Virus (live attenuated)** vaccine and affect its safety or efficacy: - **Immunosuppressive Medications**: Drugs such as **corticosteroids**, **chemotherapy**, **immunosuppressants**, and **biologic agents** can reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine by suppressing the immune response. These medications should generally be avoided or delayed until the immune system is capable of responding effectively to the vaccine. - **Antiviral Medications**: Drugs like **acyclovir**, **valacyclovir**, and **famciclovir**, which are used to treat **herpes zoster** or **herpes simplex virus** infections, may interfere with the efficacy of the vaccine. It is recommended to avoid antiviral medications for at least 24 hours before and after vaccination. - **Other Vaccines**: The vaccine can be co-administered with other routine vaccines, but if it is given with a **measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)** vaccine, the vaccines should ideally be administered at the same time or at least **4 weeks apart** to avoid interference in immune response. - **Immune Globulin (IG)**: Immunoglobulin or blood products should be avoided for at least 2 weeks before or after vaccination, as they may reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The typical **dose** of the **Varicella Zoster Virus (live attenuated)** vaccine for **adults** is generally **1 dose** administered subcutaneously. If the vaccine is being given to prevent **shingles**, the **single-dose** vaccine is typically given to individuals over **50 years of age**, with a second dose administered if necessary. For **children**, the vaccine is administered as part of the **routine immunization schedule** with **2 doses**. The first dose is usually given at **12–15 months**, and the second dose at **4–6 years**.

Child Dose

The **Varicella Zoster Virus (live attenuated)** vaccine is given to children as part of the **routine childhood vaccination schedule**: - **First dose**: At age **12–15 months**. - **Second dose**: At age **4–6 years**. Children who have not been vaccinated or previously infected with chickenpox may also receive the vaccine later in life, though the timing and dosage should be individualized based on the child's health status and prior vaccination history. As always, it is important to consult a healthcare provider before vaccination to ensure the vaccine is appropriate for individual needs and health conditions.

Renal Dose

There are no specific dose adjustments required for individuals with **renal impairment** when receiving the **Varicella Zoster Virus (live attenuated)** vaccine. However, **immunocompromised** patients with **renal disease** may not be able to respond adequately to the vaccine, and its use should be evaluated carefully by a healthcare provider.

Administration

Information not available