CYSTADANE 1g Price

Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
Betaine anhydrous powder is available in the market in concentration

Name

Tizanidine

Precaution

Before starting **Tizanidine**, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider due to the potential risks associated with the drug. Several key precautions include: - **Hypersensitivity**: **Tizanidine** should not be used in patients who have a known **allergy** to the drug or its components. Signs of an allergic reaction may include **rash**, **swelling**, **difficulty breathing**, and **hives**. Immediate medical attention should be sought if any allergic reaction occurs. - **Liver Function**: **Tizanidine** is metabolized in the liver, so caution is needed in patients with **liver disease** or impaired liver function. Dosage adjustments or alternative medications may be necessary to reduce the risk of **toxicity**. - **Kidney Function**: Patients with **kidney disease** should use **Tizanidine** cautiously, as it may accumulate in the body. Dosage modifications might be required for those with **renal impairment**. - **Hypotension and Bradycardia**: **Tizanidine** can cause a decrease in **blood pressure** (hypotension) and **heart rate** (bradycardia). It should be used cautiously in patients with a history of heart disease, low blood pressure, or arrhythmias. - **CNS Depression**: Since **Tizanidine** is a **muscle relaxant**, it may cause central nervous system (CNS) side effects such as **drowsiness**, **dizziness**, or **sedation**. Patients should be advised against operating heavy machinery or driving until they know how the drug affects them. - **Pregnancy and Breastfeeding**: It is essential to consult a healthcare provider if pregnant or breastfeeding, as the safety of **Tizanidine** in these populations has not been well-established. The medication should only be used during pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks.

Indication

**Tizanidine** is primarily indicated as a **muscle relaxant** used to treat conditions involving muscle spasms, such as: - **Spasticity**: **Tizanidine** is commonly used in patients with **spasticity** associated with neurological disorders such as **multiple sclerosis** or **spinal cord injuries**. It helps to reduce muscle stiffness and improves mobility. - **Muscle Spasms**: It is also used for treating muscle spasms caused by **musculoskeletal conditions**, such as **back pain**, **muscle strain**, or **cervical dystonia**. It works to relieve discomfort caused by involuntary muscle contractions. - **Off-label Uses**: **Tizanidine** may also be used off-label for conditions like **fibromyalgia** or other types of muscle pain, though its effectiveness in these cases should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. The drug works by inhibiting **alpha-2 adrenergic receptors** in the central nervous system, leading to decreased muscle tone and relaxation.

Contra indication

**Tizanidine** should not be used in the following situations: - **Hypersensitivity**: If a patient has a known allergy to **Tizanidine** or any of its components, they should avoid using the drug to prevent serious allergic reactions. - **Severe Liver Impairment**: The drug is contraindicated in individuals with **severe hepatic impairment**, as it can cause significant liver toxicity. - **Concurrent Use with Ciprofloxacin**: **Tizanidine** should not be used concurrently with the antibiotic **ciprofloxacin** or other **CYP1A2 inhibitors**, as they can increase **Tizanidine** levels, leading to an increased risk of side effects like **hypotension**, **bradycardia**, or **CNS depression**. - **Pregnancy**: The safety of **Tizanidine** during pregnancy has not been established. It should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus, and only under the supervision of a healthcare provider. - **Breastfeeding**: **Tizanidine** is not recommended for breastfeeding mothers as it can pass into breast milk and affect the infant.

Side Effect

Common side effects of **Tizanidine** include: - **Drowsiness** and **sedation**: These are the most common side effects and are often experienced at the beginning of treatment or when the dose is increased. - **Dry Mouth**: Some patients may experience a dry mouth due to the medication's anticholinergic effects. - **Hypotension**: **Tizanidine** can lower blood pressure, leading to symptoms such as **dizziness**, **light-headedness**, or **fainting**, particularly when standing up quickly. - **Bradycardia**: A slowed heart rate can occur with **Tizanidine**, leading to dizziness or palpitations in some patients. - **Weakness** or **fatigue**: Patients may feel more tired or weaker, especially during the early stages of treatment. - **Nausea** and **vomiting**: Some patients may feel nauseous or vomit as a side effect of the medication. - **Liver Enzyme Elevations**: Rarely, **Tizanidine** can cause elevations in liver enzymes, indicating potential liver damage. Regular liver function tests are recommended during long-term use. Serious side effects that should prompt immediate medical attention include: - **Severe allergic reactions**, such as **rash**, **swelling**, or **difficulty breathing**. - **Liver damage** (indicated by symptoms like **yellowing of the skin or eyes**, **dark urine**, **unexplained fatigue**, or **abdominal pain**). - **Severe hypotension** or **bradycardia**.

Pregnancy Category ID

3

Mode of Action

**Tizanidine** works by stimulating **alpha-2 adrenergic receptors** in the **central nervous system**, particularly in the **spinal cord**. This leads to the inhibition of **presynaptic neurotransmitter release**, which reduces the activity of nerve pathways that cause muscle contraction and spasticity. By doing so, **Tizanidine** helps to relax the muscles and reduce muscle tone, effectively treating spasticity and muscle spasms. Unlike other muscle relaxants, which may cause significant sedation and drowsiness, **Tizanidine** selectively targets specific receptors, minimizing these effects while providing muscle relaxation. Its primary effects are on the **central nervous system**, and it has a relatively short half-life, meaning it requires **multiple doses per day** in some cases.

Interaction

Several drug interactions can occur with **Tizanidine**, and it is important for patients to inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking, including over-the-counter drugs, supplements, and herbal products: - **CYP1A2 Inhibitors**: Medications that inhibit the **CYP1A2 enzyme**, such as **ciprofloxacin**, **fluvoxamine**, or **ranitidine**, can **increase Tizanidine levels** in the blood, leading to enhanced effects and an increased risk of side effects like **hypotension**, **bradycardia**, or **CNS depression**. These combinations should be avoided, or dosages of **Tizanidine** may need to be reduced. - **Antihypertensives**: Combining **Tizanidine** with **antihypertensive drugs** (such as **beta-blockers** or **ACE inhibitors**) may enhance the blood pressure-lowering effect, increasing the risk of **hypotension**. - **CNS Depressants**: Concurrent use with other **CNS depressants**, such as **alcohol**, **benzodiazepines**, or **opioids**, can lead to **excessive sedation** and **respiratory depression**. It is advised to avoid or carefully monitor the use of these medications together. - **Oral Contraceptives**: **Oral contraceptives** may increase the levels of **Tizanidine** in the body, so close monitoring of side effects may be necessary.

Pregnancy Category Note

Information not available

Adult Dose

The typical dose of **Tizanidine** for an adult depends on the condition being treated: - **For Spasticity**: Initial dose is typically **2 mg** taken once at bedtime. This dose can be gradually increased every **3-4 days**, up to a maximum of **36 mg/day**, divided into 2-3 doses, depending on the patient's response and tolerance. - **For Muscle Spasms**: The recommended starting dose is **2 mg**, taken every **6-8 hours**, with a maximum daily dose of **24 mg**. The dosage should be individualized to the patient’s needs, and adjustments should be made based on tolerance and effectiveness.

Child Dose

**Tizanidine** is not generally recommended for children under the age of 18, as its safety and efficacy in pediatric patients have not been established. However, in some specific cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe the medication off-label for children with conditions such as cerebral palsy or other causes of spasticity, but this should only be done under strict medical supervision. As always, consult a healthcare provider before administering **Tizanidine** to pediatric patients.

Renal Dose

In patients with **renal impairment**, the dosage of **Tizanidine** should be reduced. **Tizanidine** is excreted through the kidneys, and in patients with impaired renal function, the medication may accumulate, increasing the risk of side effects. In patients with **severe renal impairment** (e.g., creatinine clearance < 25 mL/min), a lower starting dose of **Tizanidine** (e.g., **2 mg once daily**) should be used, with careful monitoring of efficacy and side effects.

Administration

Information not available