Varicella zoster (chickenpox)

Overview Of Varicella zoster (chickenpox)

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox, a highly contagious viral infection primarily affecting children. It is characterized by an itchy rash, fever, and fatigue. Once resolved, the virus becomes dormant in nerve tissues and may reactivate later in life as herpes zoster (shingles).

Causes of Varicella zoster (chickenpox)

• - Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV): The virus spreads through respiratory droplets, direct contact with lesions, or contaminated surfaces.

Risk Factors of Varicella zoster (chickenpox)

• - Lack of Immunization: Unvaccinated individuals are at high risk. - Weakened Immune System: Conditions or medications that suppress immunity increase susceptibility. - Close Contact: Exposure to infected individuals.

Prevention of Varicella zoster (chickenpox)

• - Vaccination: The varicella vaccine is highly effective in preventing chickenpox. - Avoid Contact: Isolate infected individuals to prevent spread.

Prognosis of Varicella zoster (chickenpox)

• Chickenpox generally resolves within 1-2 weeks without complications, but severe cases can occur in immunocompromised individuals or adults.

Complications of Varicella zoster (chickenpox)

• - Secondary Bacterial Infections: Skin lesions may become infected. - Pneumonia: A potential complication in adults. - Neurological Issues: Rarely, encephalitis or cerebellar ataxia.

Related Diseases of Varicella zoster (chickenpox)

• - Herpes Zoster (Shingles): Reactivation of the dormant VZV later in life. - Impetigo: Secondary bacterial infection of the skin.

Treatment of Varicella zoster (chickenpox)

- **Antiviral Medications**: Acyclovir may be prescribed for severe cases or high-risk individuals. - **Symptomatic Relief**: Antihistamines, calamine lotion, and fever reducers like acetaminophen.