Enalapril Maleate

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Generic Name of Enalapril Maleate - Learn More

Enalapril Maleate

Enalapril Maleate Precaution - What You Need to Know

Enalapril Maleate should be used with caution in individuals with renal impairment, as it may further affect kidney function. It can cause hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels), particularly in those with pre-existing renal disease or those taking potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements. Hypotension (low blood pressure) can occur, especially after the first dose, so blood pressure should be monitored carefully during treatment. Enalapril may also increase the risk of angioedema (swelling of deeper layers of the skin, especially around the eyes, lips, and throat). Patients with a history of angioedema should not take this medication. Use with caution in pregnant women, especially during the second and third trimesters, as ACE inhibitors like enalapril can cause harm to the developing fetus. Electrolyte imbalances (particularly hyponatremia and hyperkalemia) should be monitored throughout treatment.

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Enalapril Maleate Indication - Uses and Benefits

Enalapril Maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) and the management of heart failure. It is also used in patients with chronic kidney disease to help reduce the progression of renal damage. Enalapril works by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), leading to vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) and a reduction in blood pressure. This medication can also improve symptoms of heart failure by reducing the strain on the heart. Additionally, it is prescribed after myocardial infarction (heart attack) to improve survival and reduce the risk of complications.

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Enalapril Maleate Contraindications - Important Warnings

Enalapril Maleate is contraindicated in individuals who are hypersensitive to enalapril or any other ACE inhibitors. It should not be used in patients with a history of angioedema related to previous ACE inhibitor treatment. Pregnant women, especially during the second and third trimesters, should avoid enalapril due to the risk of fetal injury or death. It is contraindicated in individuals with bilateral renal artery stenosis (narrowing of both renal arteries), as this can lead to renal failure. It is also contraindicated in patients who are currently taking aliskiren (another medication that inhibits the renin-angiotensin system), particularly in patients with diabetes or renal impairment.

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Enalapril Maleate Side Effects - What to Expect

The most common side effects of Enalapril Maleate include:

- Cough: A persistent, dry cough is a well-known side effect of ACE inhibitors like enalapril. If this becomes bothersome, an alternative medication may be required.
- Hyperkalemia: Elevated potassium levels can occur, which can lead to serious cardiovascular issues. Regular monitoring of serum potassium is necessary.
- Dizziness and Hypotension: Especially after the first dose, enalapril may cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, leading to dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting.
- Angioedema: Though rare, ACE inhibitors can cause swelling of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be life-threatening if it affects the throat or airways.
- Fatigue, headache, nausea, and vomiting are also possible but less common.
- Renal Dysfunction: Enalapril can affect kidney function, leading to an increase in serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.

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Enalapril Maleate Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information

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Enalapril Maleate Mode of Action - How It Works

Enalapril Maleate is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It works by blocking the enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II also stimulates the release of aldosterone, which leads to sodium retention and increased blood pressure. By reducing angiotensin II levels, enalapril causes vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), which helps lower blood pressure and ease the workload on the heart. This mechanism also contributes to improved kidney function and reduced fluid retention in patients with heart failure.

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Enalapril Maleate Drug Interactions - What to Avoid

Enalapril Maleate has several interactions with other drugs and substances:

- Diuretics: When taken with diuretics, particularly potassium-sparing diuretics, the risk of hyperkalemia (elevated potassium) is increased. Blood pressure can also drop too low if a diuretic is used in combination with enalapril, especially after the first dose.
- NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs): NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen) can reduce the effectiveness of enalapril by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which is involved in the vasodilation process. This combination may also increase the risk of renal impairment.
- Lithium: Enalapril can increase the serum levels of lithium, potentially leading to lithium toxicity. Monitoring lithium levels is recommended if both drugs are used together.
- Other Antihypertensive Medications: Enalapril may enhance the effects of other antihypertensive agents, increasing the risk of hypotension. Close monitoring of blood pressure is required, especially when initiating treatment or adjusting doses.
- Potassium Supplements: Enalapril can increase potassium levels, so the use of potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics should be monitored carefully to prevent hyperkalemia.

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Enalapril Maleate Pregnancy Category Note - Key Information

Pregnancy category: C (1st trimester); D (2nd and 3rd trimesters). During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, these drugs have been associated with fetal injury that includes hypotension, neonatal skull hypoplasia, anuria, reversible and irreversible renal failure, and death

Enalapril Maleate Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage

The typical adult dose for Enalapril Maleate is:

- Hypertension: Starting dose of 5 mg once daily, which may be increased based on response. The usual dose ranges from 10 to 40 mg daily, depending on the severity of hypertension.
- Heart Failure: The typical dose is 5 mg once daily, which can be increased based on clinical response. The maximum recommended dose is 40 mg daily.
- Chronic Kidney Disease: Doses should be adjusted based on renal function. Lower doses may be required in patients with renal impairment.

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Enalapril Maleate Child Dose - Dosage for Children

For pediatric patients, the dose of Enalapril Maleate is based on body weight:

- Children (under 20 kg): Initial dose of 0.08 mg/kg once daily, with a maintenance dose ranging from 0.08 to 0.5 mg/kg daily, not exceeding 10 mg daily.
- Children (over 20 kg): The usual starting dose is 2.5 mg once daily, with a typical maintenance dose between 2.5 mg to 10 mg daily, depending on response.

Enalapril Maleate Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions

In patients with renal impairment, the dose of Enalapril Maleate should be adjusted. In those with creatinine clearance (CrCl) less than 30 mL/min, the dose should be reduced, typically to 2.5 mg once daily, with further adjustments based on clinical response. Close monitoring of renal function (creatinine levels, BUN, and GFR) is necessary, especially at the start of treatment or if dose adjustments are made.

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